| Req ID | Category | Intent | Legal Status | Name | Subdomain(s) | Context | Conditions | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #Q001 | administrative | reporting | mandatory | Water Resource Data Responsibility | other | The Water Survey of Canada (WSC) is the national authority responsible for the collection, interpretation and dissemination of standardized water resource data and information in Canada. | medium | |
| #Q002 | administrative | reporting | recommended | Consumer Education and Outreach | drinking water | Water utilities should also have education and outreach programs to make consumers aware of how water quality can deteriorate within residential and building plumbing systems. | high | |
| #Q003 | operational | operational | recommended | Multi-Parametric Risk Management Strategies | drinking water | As a result, water utilities and building owners/managers should have appropriate risk management strategies that utilize multiple parameters to assess the performance of drinking water treatment and/or distribution operations. | high | |
| #Q004 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Source Water Assessment Components | drinking water | Source water assessments should include: the identification of potential sources of microbiological contamination in the watershed/aquifer; potential pathways and/or events (low to high risk) by which microorganisms of concern can make their way into the source water and affect water quality; and conditions likely to lead to peak concentrations. | high | |
| #Q005 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Subsurface Source Assessment Requirements | drinking water | Assessments for subsurface sources should include, at a minimum, a hydrogeological assessment, an evaluation of well integrity and a survey of activities and physical features in the area (Health Canada 2019b, 2019c). | high | |
| #Q006 | treatment | treatment | recommended | Biological Stability Production Goal | drinking water | Water utilities should therefore aim to produce biologically stable water to minimize the potential for problems to occur in distribution and premise plumbing systems (see Sections A.3.3 and A.3.4) (Health Canada, 2022). | high | |
| #Q007 | administrative | operational | recommended | Building Water Management Plan Best Practice | drinking water | Building water management plans are the recommended best practice for building owners/managers. | high | |
| #Q008 | administrative | reporting | recommended | Jurisdictional Requirement Confirmation | drinking water | In addition, building owners/managers should contact the responsible authority in the affected jurisdiction to confirm if specific requirements will apply to their system (e.g., cooling tower registry). | high | |
| #Q009 | operational | operational | recommended | Climate Change Risk Integration | drinking water | Thus, water utilities and building owners/managers should integrate the risks associated with climate change into their management strategies to maximize the reliability, robustness and resilience of their water systems. | high | |
| #Q010 | treatment | treatment | recommended | Certified Residential Treatment Devices | drinking water | Where treatment is necessary, Health Canada recommends that consumers use devices certified by an accredited certification body as meeting the appropriate NSF International (NSF)/American National Standards Institute (ANSI) drinking water treatment unit standards (NSF/ANSI, 2018, 2019, 2020). | high | |
| #Q011 | operational | health | recommended | Safe Nasal Rinse Water | drinking water | However, individuals should ensure that they conduct nasal rinses using water that has been boiled and cooled, or distilled water. | high | |
| #Q012 | monitoring | operational | mandatory | Source Assessment Risk Scope | drinking water | It is important that risks from both land-based and aerosol-generating activities (e.g., spray irrigation, pressure washers) be considered in the source water assessment. | During source water assessment | high |
| #Q013 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Source Nutrient Characterization | drinking water | Thus, surface and subsurface sources should be characterized with regard to organic and inorganic nutrient concentrations (Cantor, 2017). | high | |
| #Q014 | treatment | treatment | mandatory | Water Treatment Plant Optimization Elements | drinking water | Important elements related to drinking water treatment include: optimize treatment performance for turbidity and natural organic matter removal; properly apply primary disinfection technologies to meet appropriate CT requirements... or IT requirements...; minimize nutrient concentrations in treated water and have a good understanding of their concentrations in the distribution system; optimize treatment to minimize the amount of scaling and/or corrosion in the distribution system; properly apply secondary disinfection technologies (i.e., free chlorine or monochloramine) for residual maintenance in the distribution system; conduct performance testing using multiple parameters (e.g., disinfectant residual, microbiological indicators, pH, turbidity); provide operator training to assure the effectiveness of the water safety plan at all times. | high | |
| #Q015 | operational | treatment | recommended | Monochloramine Application Restriction | drinking water | It is important to note that monochloramine is recommended only for secondary disinfection and residual maintenance in the distribution system (Health Canada, 2019b). | high | |
| #Q016 | operational | operational | mandatory | Distribution System Operational Practices | drinking water | Key distribution system operational and maintenance practices include: use proper construction materials; maintain an effective disinfectant residual and take preventive/corrective actions when low disinfectant residuals occur, particularly during warm water temperature conditions when biofilm growth accelerates; manage water age and the effects of temperature; minimize the potential for contaminant entry from external sources (e.g., maintain positive pressure, implement cross-connection/backflow control programs, practice strict hygiene during mains constructions and repairs); keep the distribution system clean by removing biofilm, loose deposits and sediment from watermains and storage facilities (e.g., use of appropriate flushing and cleaning techniques); conduct performance testing using multiple parameters (e.g., disinfectant residual, microbiological indicators, biological stability indicators, pH, pressure, temperature, turbidity); and provide operator training to assure the effectiveness of the water safety plan at all times. | During warm water conditions, prioritize residual maintenance | high |
| #Q017 | operational | health | mandatory | Premise Plumbing Control Elements | drinking water | Important elements of control strategies for plumbing systems include: limiting nutrient levels through an emphasis on system design and materials; minimizing areas of low flow/stagnation; keeping temperatures of cold and hot water systems outside of the ideal range for microorganism growth (e.g., cold water less than 20°C, hot water tank temperature greater than 60°C; hot water lines at distal points ideally greater than 55°C); and reducing the formation and transmission of contaminated aerosols from system components such as cooling towers, showers, faucets, hot tubs and humidifiers. | Large building plumbing systems | high |
| #Q018 | monitoring | health | mandatory | Private Well Quality Verification | drinking water | For residential-scale systems and private wells, regular physical inspection to identify deficiencies and testing of the water system (e.g., for E. coli and total coliforms) to confirm the microbiological quality of the water are important. | Private wells and residential-scale systems | high |
| #Q019 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Risk-Informed Facility Monitoring | drinking water | Thus environmental monitoring at individual facilities should be informed by a site-specific risk assessment as part of a Water Management Plan (HSE, 2013b; CDC, 2017a; ASHRAE, 2018). | Building water systems | high |
| #Q020 | administrative | reporting | recommended | Climate Forecast Consultation | drinking water | The responsible authority should be consulted to discuss relevant forecast scenarios. | Regarding climate change impacts | high |
| #Q021 | operational | treatment | recommended | Secondary Disinfectant Selection Criteria | drinking water | the choice of disinfectant residual should effectively balance concomitant water quality objectives related to: 1) microbial species (e.g., Legionella, mycobacteria); 2) water chemistry; 3) disinfection by-product concentrations; and 4) the complexity of the distribution system (Donohue et al., 2019a). | high | |
| #Q022 | operational | operational | recommended | Supplemental Disinfection Consultation | drinking water | A water treatment professional should be consulted before applying any supplemental disinfection. | Supplemental disinfection in building water systems | high |
| #Q023 | design | operational | recommended | Mixing Valve Placement and Maintenance | drinking water | Mixing valves should be positioned as close as possible to the point of use and provide access for maintenance and cleaning. | high | |
| #Q024 | operational | health | recommended | Safety During Flushing | drinking water | Care should be taken during plumbing flushing procedures. | high | |
| #Q025 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Multi-Parametric Monitoring Program Recommendation | drinking water | Comprehensive, multi-parametric monitoring programs (e.g., disinfectant residual paired with temperature and biofilm formation rate) are recommended to confirm system-specific requirements (Health Canada, 2022). | In distribution systems to confirm requirements | high |
| #Q026 | administrative | operational | recommended | Authority Consultation for Residential Water Systems | drinking water | Specific guidance on construction, operation, maintenance and testing should be obtained from the responsible drinking water authority in the affected jurisdiction. | For residential-scale systems and private wells | high |
| #Q027 | operational | health | recommended | Contact Lens Care Requirements | drinking water | Individuals in the home who wear contact lenses should also follow guidance from their eye care providers on proper lens handling, cleaning and wear (CDC, 2017b). | For contact lens wearers in home settings | high |
| #Q028 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Site Assessment for Water Management Plans | drinking water | Site assessments as part of a water management plan are recommended for informing and developing specific control strategies. | As part of developing building water management plans | high |
| #Q029 | prohibition | treatment | recommended | Primary Disinfection Restriction | drinking water | Monochloramine should not be used for primary disinfection due to its low oxidation potential; monochloramine is recommended only for secondary disinfection (i.e., to maintain a disinfectant residual in the distribution system). | During primary disinfection phase | high |
| #Q030 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Chlorine Residual Impact Assessment | drinking water | minimal impact was expected although system-specific assessments were recommended to avoid unintended consequences. | When increasing free chlorine residuals (e.g., from 0.2 mg/L to 1.2 mg/L) | high |
| #Q031 | administrative | operational | mandatory | Building Water Quality Management Responsibility | drinking water | Building owners/managers are responsible for managing water quality within their buildings and therefore should be aware of practices that reduce the risk of microorganism growth. | Large complex premise plumbing systems | high |
| #Q032 | operational | operational | recommended | Electric Storage-Type Water Heater Temperature Setpoint | drinking water | The NPC further specifies that electric storage-type water heaters should be pre-set to a temperature of 60°C as a result of the temperature stratification that can occur with this type of heater. | Electric storage-type water heaters | high |
| #Q033 | design | health | recommended | Shower and Bathtub Valve Temperature Safety | drinking water | The NPC specifies that water valves supplying showerheads and bathtubs should be capable of maintaining a water outlet temperature that does not exceed 49°C in order to reduce the risk of scalding. | Installation of water valves for showers and bathtubs | high |
| #Q034 | administrative | operational | recommended | Healthcare and Long-term Care Water Management Requirement | drinking water | Healthcare and long-term care facilities and buildings with cooling towers are identified as buildings with a particular need for water management programs to reduce the risk of Legionella growth and spread | Facilities with higher populations of susceptible individuals | high |
| #Q035 | administrative | operational | mandatory | Quebec Cooling Tower Regulatory Compliance | drinking water | The regulations outline the requirements for owners that include registering their system with the regulator, implementing a water management plan and conducting regular testing for Legionella pneumophila. | Cooling tower owners within the jurisdiction of Quebec | high |
| #Q036 | operational | health | guidance | Homeowner Residential Water Tank Maintenance | drinking water | homeowners can minimize their risk of exposure to opportunistic waterborne pathogens by maintaining the temperature of their hot water tank at a minimum of 60°C | Residential household hot water systems | high |
| Req ID | Category | Intent | Legal Status | Name | Subdomain(s) | Limit Type | Limit Value | Context | Conditions | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #R001 | operational | operational | guidance | Minimum disinfectant residual concentration (distribution system) | drinking water | requirement | > 0.2 mg/L | Required to control microbiological (re)growth in the distribution system | Regularly remove biofilms and loose deposits | high |
| #R002 | operational | operational | guidance | Free chlorine residual for biofilm control | drinking water | requirement | 1.0 mg/L | Required for controlling biofilm formation in chlorinating systems | high | |
| #R003 | operational | operational | guidance | Total chlorine residual for biofilm control | drinking water | requirement | 1.8 mg/L | Required for controlling biofilm formation in chloraminating systems | high | |
| #R004 | physical | operational | recommended | Cold water system temperature | drinking water | requirement | < 20 °C | To keep cold water systems outside of the ideal range for microorganism growth | Premise plumbing systems | high |
| #R005 | physical | operational | recommended | Hot water tank temperature | drinking water | requirement | > 60 °C | To keep hot water tanks outside of the ideal range for microorganism growth | Premise plumbing systems | high |
| #R006 | physical | operational | recommended | Hot water lines temperature at distal points | drinking water | requirement | > 55 °C | Ideally maintained at distal points to inhibit growth | Premise plumbing systems | high |
| #R007 | microbiological | health | guidance | Legionella concentration action level | drinking water, other | treatment_goal | 50000 CFU/L | Concentration that warrants concern and triggers remedial activities | Various water systems including buildings and cooling towers | high |
| #R008 | physical | operational | mandatory | Hot water storage temperature (Electric storage-type) | drinking water | requirement | 60 °C | NPC specifies pre-set temperature to address temperature stratification | National Plumbing Code of Canada (NPC) requirements | high |
| #R009 | physical | health | mandatory | Water outlet maximum temperature (tap) | drinking water | requirement | <= 49 °C | Maximum allowable temperature at showerheads and bathtubs to reduce scalding risk | National Plumbing Code of Canada (NPC) requirement | high |
| #R010 | operational | treatment | guidance | Free chlorine residual for Naegleria control | drinking water | requirement | 0.5 mg/L | Minimum residual recommended throughout the distribution system for Naegleria control | Vulnerable drinking water systems | high |
| #R011 | operational | treatment | guidance | Chloramine residual for Naegleria control | drinking water | requirement | > 1.5 mg/L | Residual recommended throughout the distribution system for control | Based on suggested best practice | high |
| #R012 | operational | treatment | guidance | Free chlorine residual target (Health-care facilities) | drinking water | requirement | 0.3 - 0.5 mg/L | Recommended targets for Legionella control in health-care facility plumbing | high | |
| #R013 | operational | treatment | guidance | Monochloramine residual target (Health-care facilities) | drinking water | requirement | 1.5 mg/L | Recommended targets for Legionella control in health-care facility plumbing | Health-care facilities using on-site disinfection | high |
| #R014 | physical | operational | guideline | Thermal shock remediation temperature | drinking water | requirement | 70 °C | Extreme remediation measure utilized as a control measure in building systems | Remediation situations | high |
| #R015 | operational | operational | guideline | Thermal shock remediation duration | drinking water | requirement | 30 minutes | Duration for thermal shock remediation at specified temperature | Remediation situations | high |
| #R016 | operational | operational | guideline | Free chlorine residual for Pseudomonas control | drinking water | requirement | > 0.3 mg/L | Residual level useful for control of Pseudomonas spp. in bulk water | Bulk water maintenance | high |
| #R017 | operational | operational | guideline | Aeromonas monitoring target (Dutch legislation) | drinking water | requirement | < 1000 CFU/100 mL | Dutch drinking water legislation specifies this as an operational parameter | Based on treatment achievability rather than health significance | high |
| #R018 | microbiological | health | mandatory | Legionella action level (EU Drinking Water Directive) | drinking water | requirement | 1000 CFU/L | Included in the 2020 EU Drinking Water Directive for premise plumbing systems | Premise plumbing systems | high |
| #R019 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT for 4-log inactivation of biofilm-associated Legionella pneumophila (Free Chlorine) | drinking water | treatment_goal | 63.67 mg·min/L | Required CT for inactivation of strain Philadelphia-1 serogroup 1 on PVC material | pH 8, Temperature 21 °C | high |
| #R020 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT for 4-log inactivation of biofilm-associated Legionella pneumophila (Monochloramine) | drinking water | treatment_goal | 108.44 mg·min/L | Required CT for inactivation of strain Philadelphia-1 serogroup 1 on PVC material | pH 8, Temperature 21 °C | high |
| #R021 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT for 2-log inactivation of Aeromonas species (Free Chlorine) | drinking water | treatment_goal | 0.2 - 1.4 mg·min/L | Relative CT values for 2 log inactivation | 5-25°C, pH 6-9 | high |
| #R022 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT for 2-log inactivation of Acanthamoeba species cysts (Free Chlorine) | drinking water | treatment_goal | 1300 mg·min/L | CT value required for 2 log inactivation with free chlorine | 5-25°C, pH 6-9 | high |
| #R023 | operational | treatment | guidance | UV dose for 4-log inactivation of Naegleria fowleri cysts | drinking water | treatment_goal | 121 mJ/cm2 | UV dose requirement for 4 log reduction | high | |
| #R024 | operational | treatment | guidance | UV dose for 4-log inactivation of Acanthamoeba spp. cysts | drinking water | treatment_goal | 167 mJ/cm2 | UV dose requirement for 4 log reduction | high | |
| #R025 | operational | treatment | guidance | UV dose for 4-log inactivation of Adenovirus | drinking water | treatment_goal | 51 - 261 mJ/cm2 | UV dose requirement for 4 log reduction | high | |
| #R026 | operational | treatment | guidance | UV dose for 2-log removal of Aeromonas species | drinking water | treatment_goal | 2.5 - 8 mJ/cm2 | UV dose requirement explicitly marked for 2 log removal | high | |
| #R027 | operational | treatment | guidance | UV dose for 4-log inactivation of Legionella pneumophila | drinking water | treatment_goal | 11 - 30 mJ/cm2 | UV dose requirement for 4 log reduction | high | |
| #R028 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT for 3-log inactivation of Mycobacterium avium (Free Chlorine) | drinking water | treatment_goal | 51 - 1552 mg·min/L | Relative CT values for 3 log removal | 5-25°C, pH 6-9 | high |
| #R029 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT for 2-log inactivation of biofilm-associated Legionella (Free Chlorine) | drinking water | treatment_goal | 8.86 mg·min/L | Required for inactivation of strain Philadelphia-1 serogroup 1 on PVC material | pH 8, Temperature 21 °C | high |
| #R030 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT for 3-log inactivation of biofilm-associated Legionella (Free Chlorine) | drinking water | treatment_goal | 36.11 mg·min/L | Required for inactivation of strain Philadelphia-1 serogroup 1 on PVC material | pH 8, Temperature 21 °C | high |
| #R031 | operational | operational | guidance | Time for 2-log inactivation of biofilm-associated Legionella (0.2 mg/L Free Chlorine) | drinking water | requirement | 44.3 minutes | Required time in distribution system assuming specific CT values | pH 8, Temperature 21 °C | high |
| #R032 | operational | operational | guidance | Time for 2-log inactivation of biofilm-associated Legionella (0.5 mg/L Free Chlorine) | drinking water | requirement | 17.7 minutes | Required time in distribution system assuming specific CT values | pH 8, Temperature 21 °C | high |
| #R033 | operational | operational | guidance | Time for 2-log inactivation of biofilm-associated Legionella (1.8 mg/L Total Chlorine) | drinking water | requirement | 9.5 minutes | Required time for inactivation in chloraminated systems | pH 8, Temperature 21 °C | high |
| #R034 | operational | treatment | guidance | Design CT for 4-log virus inactivation (Free Chlorine) | drinking water | treatment_goal | 12 - 15 mg·min/L | Typical design CTs for water treatment | 5-25°C, pH 6-9 | high |
| #R035 | operational | treatment | guidance | Design CT for 0.5-log Giardia inactivation (Free Chlorine) | drinking water | treatment_goal | 35 - 65 mg·min/L | Typical design CTs for water treatment | 5-25°C, pH 6-9 | high |
| #R036 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT for 2-log inactivation of Pseudomonas species (Free Chlorine) | drinking water | treatment_goal | 0.0073 - 4.3 mg·min/L | Relative CT values for 2 log inactivation | 5-25°C, pH 6-9 | high |
| #R037 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT for 2-log inactivation of E. coli, Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Salmonella, and Yersinia (Free Chlorine) | drinking water | treatment_goal | 0.034 - 5.1 mg·min/L | Relative CT values for 2 log inactivation | 5-25°C, pH 6-9 | high |
| #R038 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT for 2-log inactivation of Enteric viruses (Free Chlorine) | drinking water | treatment_goal | 0.01 - 12 mg·min/L | Relative CT values for 2 log inactivation | 5-25°C, pH 6-9 | high |
| #R039 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT for 3 to 4-log removal of Legionella pneumophila (Free Chlorine) | drinking water | treatment_goal | 0.1 - 0.3 mg·min/L | Relative CT values for removal | 5-25°C, pH 6-9 | high |
| #R040 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT for 4-log removal of Naegleria fowleri cysts (Free Chlorine) | drinking water | treatment_goal | 31 - 37 mg·min/L | Relative CT values for 4 log removal | 5-25°C, pH 6-9 | high |
| #R041 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT for 2-log inactivation of Giardia cysts (Free Chlorine) | drinking water | treatment_goal | 25 - 99 mg·min/L | Relative CT values for 2 log inactivation | 5-25°C, pH 6-9 | high |
| #R042 | operational | treatment | guidance | UV dose for 4-log reduction of Pseudomonas species | drinking water | treatment_goal | 3.1 mJ/cm2 | UV dose requirement for 4 log reduction | high | |
| #R043 | operational | treatment | guidance | UV dose for 4-log reduction of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts | drinking water | treatment_goal | 22 mJ/cm2 | UV dose requirement for 4 log reduction | high | |
| #R044 | operational | treatment | guidance | UV dose for 4-log reduction of E. coli, Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Salmonella, and Yersinia | drinking water | treatment_goal | 5 - 51 mJ/cm2 | UV dose requirement for 4 log reduction | high | |
| #R045 | operational | treatment | guidance | UV dose for 4-log reduction of Hepatitis A, Coxsackievirus, Poliovirus, Rotavirus | drinking water | treatment_goal | 16.4 - 61 mJ/cm2 | UV dose requirement for 4 log reduction | high | |
| #R046 | operational | treatment | guidance | UV dose for 4-log reduction of Mycobacterium avium | drinking water | treatment_goal | 12.3 - 64 mJ/cm2 | UV dose requirement for 4 log reduction | high | |
| #R047 | operational | treatment | guidance | UV dose for 2 to 5-log removal of some strains of Mycobacterium species | drinking water | treatment_goal | 96 - 192 mJ/cm2 | UV dose requirement explicitly marked for variable log removal | high | |
| #R048 | microbiological | health | guidance | Legionella Action Level (Cooling Towers Range) | other | treatment_goal | > 1000 to > 1000000 CFU/L | Guidance material produced by numerous agencies vary in recommendations | Cooling towers | high |
| #R049 | microbiological | health | guidance | Legionella Action Level (Potable Water Systems Range) | drinking water | treatment_goal | > 1000 to > 10000 CFU/L | Guidance material produced by numerous agencies vary in recommendations | Potable water systems | high |
| #R050 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT for 2-log inactivation of biofilm-associated Legionella (Monochloramine) | drinking water | treatment_goal | 17.16 mg·min/L | Required CT for inactivation of strain Philadelphia-1 serogroup 1 on PVC material | pH 8, Temperature 21 °C | high |
| #R051 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT for 3-log inactivation of biofilm-associated Legionella pneumophila (Monochloramine) | drinking water | treatment_goal | 62.80 mg·min/L | Required CT for inactivation of strain Philadelphia-1 serogroup 1 on PVC material | pH 8, Temperature 21 °C | high |
| #R052 | operational | operational | guidance | Time for 2-log inactivation of biofilm-associated Legionella pneumophila (1.0 mg/L Free Chlorine) | drinking water | requirement | 8.9 minutes | Required time in distribution system for 2 log inactivation assuming specific CT values | pH 8, Temperature 21 °C | high |
| #R053 | operational | operational | guidance | Time for 2-log inactivation of biofilm-associated Legionella pneumophila (1.0 mg/L Monochloramine) | drinking water | requirement | 17.2 minutes | Required time in distribution system for 2 log inactivation assuming specific CT values | pH 8, Temperature 21 °C | high |
| #R054 | operational | operational | guidance | Time for 2-log inactivation of biofilm-associated Legionella pneumophila (1.5 mg/L Monochloramine) | drinking water | requirement | 11.4 minutes | Required time in distribution system for 2 log inactivation assuming specific CT values | pH 8, Temperature 21 °C | high |
| Req ID | Category | Name | Context | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #D001 | opportunistic pathogens | naturally-occurring waterborne pathogens, as these microorganisms are often associated with infections, and in extreme cases, deaths in susceptible individuals (such as infants, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals) | medium | |
| #D002 | yersiniosis | Disease caused by Y. enterocolitica or Y. paratuberculosis is commonly referred to as yersiniosis | high | |
| #D003 | Subacute cases of diarrhea | Subacute cases of diarrhea are defined as those lasting from two weeks to two months | high | |
| #D004 | legionellosis | Illnesses caused by Legionella spp. are collectively known as legionellosis. | high | |
| #D005 | water-to-air transmission | water-to-air transmission, meaning inhalation of aerosols (size 2-10 µm) containing the bacteria is the main route of transmission | high | |
| #D006 | AIDS | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | high | |
| #D007 | AK | Acanthamoeba keratitis | high | |
| #D008 | ANSI | American National Standards Institute | high | |
| #D009 | ASHRAE | American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers | high | |
| #D010 | CDC | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | high | |
| #D011 | CFU | colony forming units | high | |
| #D012 | CT | concentration (C) × time (T) | high | |
| #D013 | DAEC | diffuse adherent Escherichia coli | high | |
| #D014 | DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid | high | |
| #D015 | EAEC | enteroaggregative Escherichia coli | high | |
| #D016 | E. coli | Escherichia coli | high | |
| #D017 | EHEC | enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli | high | |
| #D018 | EIEC | enteroinvasive Escherichia coli | high | |
| #D019 | EPEC | enteropathogenic Escherichia coli | high | |
| #D020 | ESBL | extended spectrum β-lactamase | high | |
| #D021 | ETEC | enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli | high | |
| #D022 | EU | European Union | high | |
| #D023 | GAC | granulated activated carbon | high | |
| #D024 | GAE | granulomatous amoebic encephalitis | high | |
| #D025 | HIV | human immunodeficiency virus | high | |
| #D026 | HPC | heterotrophic plate count | high | |
| #D027 | HUS | hemolytic uremic syndrome | high | |
| #D028 | HVAC | heating, ventilation and air conditioning | high | |
| #D029 | IARC | International Agency for Research on Cancer | high | |
| #D030 | ISO | International Organization for Standardization | high | |
| #D031 | NASEM | National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine | high | |
| #D032 | NPC | National Plumbing Code (Canada) | high | |
| #D033 | NSF | NSF International | high | |
| #D034 | NTM | non-tuberculous mycobacteria | high | |
| #D035 | PAM | primary amebic meningoencephalitis | high | |
| #D036 | PCR | polymerase chain reaction | high | |
| #D037 | PHAC | Public Health Agency of Canada | high | |
| #D038 | POE | point-of-entry | high | |
| #D039 | POU | point-of-use | high | |
| #D040 | QMRA | quantitative microbial risk assessment | high | |
| #D041 | SCC | Standards Council of Canada | high | |
| #D042 | spp. | species | high | |
| #D043 | US EPA | United States Environmental Protection Agency | high | |
| #D044 | U.S. | United States | high | |
| #D045 | UV | ultraviolet | high | |
| #D046 | VBNC | viable but non-culturable | high | |
| #D047 | VTEC | verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli | high | |
| #D048 | WHO | World Health Organization | high | |
| #D049 | zoonotic pathogens | transmitted from animals to humans | high | |
| #D050 | shigellosis | disease caused by Shigella spp. | high | |
| #D051 | chronic cases | diarrhea cases [that] persist for longer periods [than two months] | high | |
| #D052 | hypersensitivity pneumonitis | a form of pulmonary illness where inflammation within the lung is attributable to the body’s immune response to mycobacterial antigens | high | |
| #D053 | planktonic | freely floating | high | |
| #D054 | IT | intensity measured in mW/cm2 or W/m 2× time measured in seconds resulting in a computed fluence in mJ/cm2 | high | |
| #D055 | guidance documents | developed to provide operational or management guidance related to specific drinking water–related issues (e.g., boil water advisories) in order to make health risk assessment information available when a guideline value is not deemed necessary. | high | |
| #D056 | Guidelines | established under the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality specifically for contaminants that meet all of the following criteria: 1. exposure to the contaminant could lead to adverse health effects; 2. the contaminant is frequently detected or could be expected to be found in a large number of drinking water supplies throughout Canada; and 3. the contaminant is detected, or could be expected to be detected, at a level that is of possible health significance. | high | |
| #D057 | Legionnaires’ disease | a severe respiratory illness involving pneumonia, with symptoms that include fever, cough, chills, neurological aspects (confusion), muscle pain, headache and gastrointestinal problems (diarrhea, nausea, vomiting) | high | |
| #D058 | Pontiac fever | a milder, flu-like, self-limiting and non-pneumonic disease associated with exposure to Legionella. | high | |
| #D059 | rapid growers | Species ... categorized ... based on the time required to produce colonies on growth media | high | |
| #D060 | slow growers | Species ... categorized ... based on the time required to produce colonies on growth media | high | |
| #D061 | EHEC | the subset of E. coli that can produce one or more of the potent Shiga toxins and are considered to be highly pathogenic to humans | high | |
| #D062 | trophozoite | a feeding [stage of the life cycle] | high | |
| #D063 | cyst | resistant stage [of the life cycle] that can withstand temperatures of -20°C-56°C and provide resistance to desiccation and disinfection | high | |
| #D064 | acidophilic | acid-loving | high | |
| #D065 | thermotolerant | can survive at high temperatures, between 55 and 70°C | high | |
| #D066 | enteric fever | also known as typhoid or paratyphoid fever | high |