| Req ID | Category | Intent | Legal Status | Name | Subdomain(s) | Context | Conditions | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #Q001 | operational | health | mandatory | Compliance with Effluent Limits | wastewater | Plants must respect the limits on biochemical oxygen demanding matter, total suspended matter, and pH in their liquid effluents. | high | |
| #Q002 | operational | health | recommended | Source-to-tap risk management strategy | drinking water | the implementation of a source-to-tap or water safety plan approach, is the recommended strategy for water utilities to manage potential risks. | high | |
| #Q003 | administrative | health | recommended | Consumer education and outreach program | drinking water | Water utilities should also have education and outreach programs to make consumers aware of how water quality can deteriorate within residential and building plumbing systems. | high | |
| #Q004 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Subsurface source assessments | drinking water | Assessments for subsurface sources should include, at a minimum, a hydrogeological assessment, an evaluation of well integrity and a survey of activities and physical features in the area | high | |
| #Q005 | treatment | health | recommended | Production of biologically stable water | drinking water | Water utilities should therefore aim to produce biologically stable water to minimize the potential for problems to occur in distribution and premise plumbing systems | high | |
| #Q006 | administrative | health | mandatory | Building water quality responsibility | drinking water | Building owners/managers are responsible for managing water quality within their buildings | high | |
| #Q007 | operational | health | recommended | Premise plumbing temperature control | drinking water | keeping temperatures of cold and hot water systems outside of the ideal range for microorganism growth (e.g., cold water less than 20°C, hot water tank temperature greater than 60°C; hot water lines at distal points ideally greater than 55°C) | high | |
| #Q008 | treatment | treatment | recommended | Secondary disinfection residual maintenance | drinking water | monochloramine is recommended only for secondary disinfection and residual maintenance in the distribution system | high | |
| #Q009 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Multi-parameter Risk Management Assessment | drinking water | water utilities and building owners/managers should have appropriate risk management strategies that utilize multiple parameters to assess the performance of drinking water treatment and/or distribution operations. | high | |
| #Q010 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Aerosol Source Risk Consideration | drinking water | It is important that risks from both land-based and aerosol-generating activities (e.g., spray irrigation, pressure washers) be considered in the source water assessment. | high | |
| #Q011 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Multi-parametric Distribution Monitoring | drinking water | Comprehensive, multi-parametric monitoring programs (e.g., disinfectant residual paired with temperature and biofilm formation rate) are recommended to confirm system-specific requirements. | high | |
| #Q012 | administrative | reporting | recommended | Building Regulatory Compliance Verification | drinking water | building owners/managers should contact the responsible authority in the affected jurisdiction to confirm if specific requirements will apply to their system (e.g., cooling tower registry). | high | |
| #Q013 | operational | health | recommended | Safe Nasal Rinse Procedures | drinking water | individuals should ensure that they conduct nasal rinses using water that has been boiled and cooled, or distilled water. | high | |
| #Q014 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Source Nutrient Characterization | drinking water | surface and subsurface sources should be characterized with regard to organic and inorganic nutrient concentrations (Cantor, 2017). | high | |
| #Q015 | treatment | treatment | recommended | Turbidity and NOM Removal Optimization | drinking water | optimize treatment performance for turbidity and natural organic matter removal; | high | |
| #Q016 | treatment | treatment | mandatory | Primary Disinfection Application (CT/IT) | drinking water | properly apply primary disinfection technologies to meet appropriate CT (disinfectant concentration in mg/L × time in minutes) requirements when using chemical oxidants (i.e., free chlorine, ozone, chlorine dioxide) or IT (intensity measured in mW/cm2 or W/m 2× time measured in seconds resulting in a computed fluence in mJ/cm2) requirements when using ultraviolet (UV) disinfection; | high | |
| #Q017 | treatment | operational | recommended | Nutrient Concentration Minimization in Treated Water | drinking water | minimize nutrient concentrations in treated water and have a good understanding of their concentrations in the distribution system; | high | |
| #Q018 | administrative | operational | mandatory | Operator Training for Water Safety Plan | drinking water | provide operator training to assure the effectiveness of the water safety plan at all times. | high | |
| #Q019 | corrective_action | operational | mandatory | Disinfectant Residual Maintenance and Corrective Action | drinking water | maintain an effective disinfectant residual and take preventive/corrective actions when low disinfectant residuals occur, particularly during warm water temperature conditions when biofilm growth accelerates; | particularly during warm water temperature conditions | high |
| #Q020 | operational | operational | mandatory | Distribution System Cleaning Maintenance | drinking water | keep the distribution system clean by removing biofilm, loose deposits and sediment from watermains and storage facilities (e.g., use of appropriate flushing and cleaning techniques); | high | |
| #Q021 | operational | health | recommended | Building Aerosol Risk Mitigation | drinking water | reducing the formation and transmission of contaminated aerosols from system components such as cooling towers, showers, faucets, hot tubs and humidifiers. | high | |
| #Q022 | monitoring | health | mandatory | Private Well Inspection and Testing | drinking water | For residential-scale systems and private wells, regular physical inspection to identify deficiencies and testing of the water system (e.g., for E. coli and total coliforms) to confirm the microbiological quality of the water are important. | high | |
| #Q023 | administrative | operational | recommended | Consultation for Building Disinfection | drinking water | A water treatment professional should be consulted before applying any supplemental disinfection. | high | |
| #Q024 | treatment | operational | recommended | Scaling and Corrosion Optimization | drinking water | optimize treatment to minimize the amount of scaling and/or corrosion in the distribution system; | part of water safety plan elements | high |
| #Q025 | administrative | operational | recommended | Climate Change Risk Integration | drinking water | water utilities and building owners/managers should integrate the risks associated with climate change into their management strategies to maximize the reliability, robustness and resilience of their water systems. | high | |
| #Q026 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Site-Specific Environmental Monitoring | drinking water | environmental monitoring at individual facilities should be informed by a site-specific risk assessment as part of a Water Management Plan | for building water systems | high |
| #Q027 | design | health | recommended | Mixing Valve Maintenance and Positioning | drinking water | Mixing valves should be positioned as close as possible to the point of use and provide access for maintenance and cleaning | to prevent Legionella attachment and growth | high |
| #Q028 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Treatment Plant Performance Testing | drinking water | conduct performance testing using multiple parameters (e.g., disinfectant residual, microbiological indicators, pH, turbidity); | for water treatment plants | high |
| #Q029 | treatment | treatment | recommended | Secondary Disinfection Application | drinking water | properly apply secondary disinfection technologies (i.e., free chlorine or monochloramine) for residual maintenance in the distribution system; | using free chlorine or monochloramine | high |
| #Q030 | operational | health | recommended | Distribution Contaminant Entry Control | drinking water | minimize the potential for contaminant entry from external sources (e.g., maintain positive pressure, implement cross-connection/backflow control programs, practice strict hygiene during mains constructions and repairs); | via positive pressure, cross-connection control, and hygiene during repairs | high |
| #Q031 | operational | operational | recommended | Distribution Water Age and Temperature Management | drinking water | manage water age and the effects of temperature; | key distribution system operational and maintenance practice | high |
| #Q032 | design | operational | recommended | Distribution System Construction Materials | drinking water | use proper construction materials; | for drinking water distribution systems | high |
| #Q033 | design | health | recommended | Plumbing Nutrient Limitation | drinking water | limiting nutrient levels through an emphasis on system design and materials; | for plumbing systems | high |
| #Q034 | operational | health | recommended | Plumbing Stagnation Minimization | drinking water | minimizing areas of low flow/stagnation; | for building water management plans | high |
| #Q035 | treatment | health | recommended | Consumer use of certified treatment devices | drinking water | Where treatment is necessary, Health Canada recommends that consumers use devices certified by an accredited certification body as meeting the appropriate NSF International (NSF)/American National Standards Institute (ANSI) drinking water treatment unit standards | where treatment is necessary | high |
| #Q036 | operational | operational | recommended | Building manager equipment maintenance | drinking water | Actions recommended as part of a water safety plan include regular cleaning and maintenance of plumbing fittings and equipment that can support biofilm growth and aerosol formation (faucets, showerheads, hot tubs/spas, cooling towers) | as part of a water safety plan | high |
| #Q037 | operational | health | recommended | Contact lens handling guidance | drinking water | Individuals in the home who wear contact lenses should also follow guidance from their eye care providers on proper lens handling, cleaning and wear | high | |
| #Q038 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Building monitoring programs | drinking water | In general, monitoring programs consist of routine monitoring of general microbiological quality, as an indication of system control, in conjunction with testing for Legionella at regular time intervals | for building water systems | high |
| Req ID | Category | Intent | Legal Status | Name | Subdomain(s) | Limit Type | Limit Value | Context | Conditions | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #R001 | chemical | operational | guidance | Minimum disinfectant residual concentration in distribution system | drinking water | requirement | > 0.2 mg/L | Required to control microbiological (re)growth in the distribution system. | Regular distribution system operations. | high |
| #R002 | chemical | operational | recommended | Free chlorine residual for biofilm control | drinking water | requirement | 1.0 mg/L | Required for controlling biofilm formation in chlorinating systems. | Systems that chlorinate; lower concentrations may apply if biofilms are regularly removed. | high |
| #R003 | chemical | operational | recommended | Total chlorine residual for biofilm control | drinking water | requirement | 1.8 mg/L | Required for controlling biofilm formation in chloraminating systems. | Systems that chloraminate. | high |
| #R004 | physical | operational | recommended | Cold water plumbing temperature | drinking water | requirement | < 20 °C | Keeping cold water outside of the ideal range for microorganism growth. | Premise plumbing systems. | high |
| #R005 | physical | operational | recommended | Hot water tank temperature | drinking water | requirement | > 60 °C | Keeping hot water outside of the ideal range for microorganism growth. | Premise plumbing systems/hot water tanks. | high |
| #R006 | physical | operational | recommended | Hot water distal point temperature | drinking water | requirement | > 55 °C | Target temperature for hot water lines at distal points. | Ideally maintained at distal points in premise plumbing. | high |
| #R007 | physical | operational | guideline | Maximum water outlet temperature for scalding prevention | drinking water | requirement | <= 49 °C | Water valves supplying showerheads and bathtubs. | National Plumbing Code specification to reduce scalding risk. | high |
| #R008 | microbiological | operational | guidance | Legionella concentration action level | drinking water, other | requirement | 50,000 CFU/L | Concentration warranting concern and remedial activities. | Found in various water systems (cooling towers, building plumbing). | high |
| #R009 | chemical | operational | guidance | Minimum free chlorine residual for Naegleria fowleri control | drinking water | requirement | 0.5 mg/L | Recommended throughout the distribution system in vulnerable systems. | Vulnerable drinking water systems (e.g., temperatures exceeding 25°C). | high |
| #R010 | chemical | operational | guidance | Chloramine residual for Naegleria fowleri control | drinking water | requirement | > 1.5 mg/L | Residual concentration throughout the distribution system. | Systems utilizing chloramination for residual maintenance. | high |
| #R011 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT Value for 2-log inactivation of biofilm-associated L. pneumophila (Free Chlorine) | drinking water | unknown | 8.86 mg∙min/L | Inactivation of Legionella pneumophila strain Philadelphia-1 serogroup 1. | pH = 8, temperature = 21 °C, PVC material. | high |
| #R012 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT Value for 2-log inactivation of biofilm-associated L. pneumophila (Monochloramine) | drinking water | unknown | 17.16 mg∙min/L | Inactivation of Legionella pneumophila strain Philadelphia-1 serogroup 1. | pH = 8, temperature = 21 °C, PVC material. | high |
| #R013 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT Value for 3-log inactivation of biofilm-associated L. pneumophila (Free Chlorine) | drinking water | unknown | 36.11 mg∙min/L | Inactivation of Legionella pneumophila strain Philadelphia-1 serogroup 1. | pH = 8, temperature = 21 °C, PVC material. | high |
| #R014 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT Value for 4-log inactivation of biofilm-associated L. pneumophila (Free Chlorine) | drinking water | unknown | 63.67 mg∙min/L | Inactivation of Legionella pneumophila strain Philadelphia-1 serogroup 1. | pH = 8, temperature = 21 °C, PVC material. | high |
| #R015 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT Value for 3-log inactivation of biofilm-associated L. pneumophila (Monochloramine) | drinking water | unknown | 62.80 mg∙min/L | Inactivation of Legionella pneumophila strain Philadelphia-1 serogroup 1. | pH = 8, temperature = 21 °C, PVC material. | high |
| #R016 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT Value for 4-log inactivation of biofilm-associated L. pneumophila (Monochloramine) | drinking water | unknown | 108.44 mg∙min/L | Inactivation of Legionella pneumophila strain Philadelphia-1 serogroup 1. | pH = 8, temperature = 21 °C, PVC material. | high |
| #R017 | microbiological | operational | guideline | EU Action Level for Legionella in premise plumbing | drinking water | requirement | 1000 CFU/L | European Union Drinking Water Directive action level. | Premise plumbing systems. | high |
| #R018 | microbiological | operational | guideline | Netherlands Aeromonas target limit | drinking water | OG | < 1000 CFU/100 mL | Dutch drinking water legislation monitoring requirement. | Operational parameter. | high |
| #R019 | chemical | operational | guidance | Free chlorine residual for Pseudomonas control | drinking water | requirement | > 0.3 mg/L | Useful for control of Pseudomonas spp. in bulk water. | Maintain throughout distribution/plumbing. | high |
| #R020 | chemical | operational | guidance | Health-care facility Free Chlorine target | drinking water | requirement | 0.3 - 0.5 mg/L | Minimum disinfectant residual targets for Legionella control in health-care plumbing. | Health-care facilities. | high |
| #R021 | chemical | operational | guidance | Health-care facility Monochloramine target | drinking water | requirement | 1.5 mg/L | Disinfectant residual target for health-care facility water systems. | Health-care facilities. | high |
| #R022 | physical | treatment | guidance | UV dose requirement for Naegleria fowleri cysts | drinking water | treatment_goal | 121 mJ/cm2 | Dose for 4 log reduction. | high | |
| #R023 | physical | treatment | guidance | UV dose requirement for Acanthamoeba spp. cysts | drinking water | treatment_goal | 167 mJ/cm2 | Dose for 4 log reduction. | high | |
| #R024 | physical | treatment | guidance | UV dose requirement for Adenovirus | drinking water | treatment_goal | 51 - 261 mJ/cm2 | Dose for 4 log reduction. | high | |
| #R025 | physical | operational | recommended | Thermal shock remediation temperature | drinking water | requirement | 70 °C | Extreme remediation measure for building systems. | Applied for 30 minutes. | high |
| #R026 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT Value for Aeromonas species (Free Chlorine) | drinking water | unknown | 0.2 - 1.4 mg∙min/L | 2 log inactivation, 5-25°C, pH 6-9. | high | |
| #R027 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT Value for Pseudomonas species (Free Chlorine) | drinking water | unknown | 0.0073 - 4.3 mg∙min/L | 2 log inactivation, 5-25°C, pH 6-9. | high | |
| #R028 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT Value for Naegleria fowleri cysts (Free Chlorine) | drinking water | unknown | 31 - 37 mg∙min/L | 4-log removal, 5-25°C, pH 6-9. | high | |
| #R029 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT Value for Giardia cysts (Free Chlorine) | drinking water | unknown | 25 - 99 mg∙min/L | 2 log inactivation, 5-25°C, pH 6-9. | high | |
| #R030 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT Value for Mycobacterium avium (Free Chlorine) | drinking water | unknown | 51 - 1552 mg∙min/L | 3-log removal, 5-25°C, pH 6-9. | high | |
| #R031 | physical | treatment | guidance | UV dose requirement for Aeromonas species | drinking water | treatment_goal | 2.5 - 8 mJ/cm2 | Dose for 2 log removal. | high | |
| #R032 | physical | treatment | guidance | UV dose requirement for Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts | drinking water | treatment_goal | 22 mJ/cm2 | Dose for 4 log inactivation. | high | |
| #R033 | physical | treatment | guidance | UV dose requirement for Legionella pneumophila | drinking water | treatment_goal | 11 - 30 mJ/cm2 | Dose for 4 log inactivation. | high | |
| #R034 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT Value for Pathogenic bacteria group (Free Chlorine) | drinking water | unknown | 0.034 - 5.1 mg∙min/L | 2 log inactivation, 5-25°C, pH 6-9. Includes E. coli, Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Salmonella, and Yersinia. | high | |
| #R035 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT Value for Enteric viruses (Free Chlorine) | drinking water | unknown | 0.01 - 12 mg∙min/L | 2 log inactivation, 5-25°C, pH 6-9. | high | |
| #R036 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT Value for Legionella pneumophila (Free Chlorine) | drinking water | unknown | 0.1 - 0.3 mg∙min/L | 3-4 log removal, 5-25°C, pH 6-9. | high | |
| #R037 | operational | treatment | guidance | CT Value for Acanthamoeba species cysts (Free Chlorine) | drinking water | unknown | 1300 mg∙min/L | 2 log inactivation, 5-25°C, pH 6-9. | high | |
| #R038 | physical | treatment | guidance | UV dose requirement for Pseudomonas species | drinking water | treatment_goal | 3.1 mJ/cm2 | Dose for 4 log reduction. | high | |
| #R039 | physical | treatment | guidance | UV dose requirement for Pathogenic bacteria group | drinking water | treatment_goal | 5 - 51 mJ/cm2 | Dose for 4 log reduction. Includes E. coli, Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Salmonella, and Yersinia. | high | |
| #R040 | physical | treatment | guidance | UV dose requirement for Enteric viruses group | drinking water | treatment_goal | 16.4 - 61 mJ/cm2 | Dose for 4 log reduction. Includes Hepatitis A, Coxsackievirus, Poliovirus, and Rotavirus. | high | |
| #R041 | physical | treatment | guidance | UV dose requirement for Mycobacterium avium | drinking water | treatment_goal | 12.3 - 64 mJ/cm2 | Dose for 4 log reduction. | high | |
| #R042 | physical | treatment | guidance | UV dose requirement for High-resistance Mycobacterium strains | drinking water | treatment_goal | 96 - 192 mJ/cm2 | Dose for 2-5 log removal. | high | |
| #R043 | chemical | treatment | guidance | Typical design CT for 4-log virus inactivation (Free Chlorine) | drinking water | requirement | 12 - 15 mg∙min/L | Typical design values required for 4 log virus inactivation as displayed in Figure D1. | Free chlorine, 5-25°C, pH 6-9. | high |
| #R044 | chemical | treatment | guidance | Typical design CT for 0.5-log Giardia inactivation (Free Chlorine) | drinking water | requirement | 35 - 65 mg∙min/L | Typical design values required for 0.5 log Giardia inactivation as displayed in Figure D1. | Free chlorine, 5-25°C, pH 6-9. | high |
| #R045 | operational | treatment | guidance | Time required for 2 log inactivation of biofilm-associated L. pneumophila (0.2 mg/L Free Chlorine) | drinking water | requirement | 44.3 minutes | Required time in a distribution system to achieve inactivation of biofilm-associated Legionella pneumophila. | Free chlorine residual of 0.2 mg/L; assuming CT values from Table 3 (pH 8, 21°C). | high |
| #R046 | operational | treatment | guidance | Time required for 2 log inactivation of biofilm-associated L. pneumophila (0.5 mg/L Free Chlorine) | drinking water | requirement | 17.7 minutes | Required time in a distribution system to achieve inactivation of biofilm-associated Legionella pneumophila. | Free chlorine residual of 0.5 mg/L; assuming CT values from Table 3 (pH 8, 21°C). | high |
| #R047 | operational | treatment | guidance | Time required for 2 log inactivation of biofilm-associated L. pneumophila (1.0 mg/L Free Chlorine) | drinking water | requirement | 8.9 minutes | Required time in a distribution system to achieve inactivation of biofilm-associated Legionella pneumophila. | Free chlorine residual of 1.0 mg/L; assuming CT values from Table 3 (pH 8, 21°C). | high |
| #R048 | operational | treatment | guidance | Time required for 2 log inactivation of biofilm-associated L. pneumophila (1.0 mg/L Monochloramine) | drinking water | requirement | 17.2 minutes | Required time in a distribution system to achieve inactivation of biofilm-associated Legionella pneumophila. | Monochloramine residual of 1.0 mg/L; assuming CT values from Table 3 (pH 8, 21°C). | high |
| #R049 | operational | treatment | guidance | Time required for 2 log inactivation of biofilm-associated L. pneumophila (1.5 mg/L Monochloramine) | drinking water | requirement | 11.4 minutes | Required time in a distribution system to achieve inactivation of biofilm-associated Legionella pneumophila. | Monochloramine residual of 1.5 mg/L; assuming CT values from Table 3 (pH 8, 21°C). | high |
| #R050 | operational | treatment | guidance | Time required for 2 log inactivation of biofilm-associated L. pneumophila (1.8 mg/L Monochloramine) | drinking water | requirement | 9.5 minutes | Required time in a distribution system to achieve inactivation of biofilm-associated Legionella pneumophila. | Monochloramine residual of 1.8 mg/L; assuming CT values from Table 3 (pH 8, 21°C). | high |
| Req ID | Category | Name | Context | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #D001 | AIDS | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | high | |
| #D002 | AK | Acanthamoeba keratitis | high | |
| #D003 | ANSI | American National Standards Institute | high | |
| #D004 | ASHRAE | American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers | high | |
| #D005 | CDC | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | high | |
| #D006 | CFU | colony forming units | high | |
| #D007 | CT | concentration (C) × time (T) | high | |
| #D008 | DAEC | diffuse adherent Escherichia coli | high | |
| #D009 | DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid | high | |
| #D010 | EAEC | enteroaggregative Escherichia coli | high | |
| #D011 | E. coli | Escherichia coli | high | |
| #D012 | EHEC | enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli | high | |
| #D013 | EIEC | enteroinvasive Escherichia coli | high | |
| #D014 | EPEC | enteropathogenic Escherichia coli | high | |
| #D015 | ESBL | extended spectrum β-lactamase | high | |
| #D016 | ETEC | enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli | high | |
| #D017 | EU | European Union | high | |
| #D018 | GAC | granulated activated carbon | high | |
| #D019 | GAE | granulomatous amoebic encephalitis | high | |
| #D020 | HIV | human immunodeficiency virus | high | |
| #D021 | HPC | heterotrophic plate count | high | |
| #D022 | HUS | hemolytic uremic syndrome | high | |
| #D023 | HVAC | heating, ventilation and air conditioning | high | |
| #D024 | IARC | International Agency for Research on Cancer | high | |
| #D025 | ISO | International Organization for Standardization | high | |
| #D026 | NASEM | National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine | high | |
| #D027 | NPC | National Plumbing Code (Canada) | high | |
| #D028 | NSF | NSF International | high | |
| #D029 | NTM | non-tuberculous mycobacteria | high | |
| #D030 | PAM | primary amebic meningoencephalitis | high | |
| #D031 | PCR | polymerase chain reaction | high | |
| #D032 | PHAC | Public Health Agency of Canada | high | |
| #D033 | POE | point-of-entry | high | |
| #D034 | POU | point-of-use | high | |
| #D035 | QMRA | quantitative microbial risk assessment | high | |
| #D036 | SCC | Standards Council of Canada | high | |
| #D037 | spp. | species | high | |
| #D038 | US EPA | United States Environmental Protection Agency | high | |
| #D039 | U.S. | United States | high | |
| #D040 | UV | ultraviolet | high | |
| #D041 | VBNC | viable but non-culturable | high | |
| #D042 | VTEC | verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli | high | |
| #D043 | WHO | World Health Organization | high | |
| #D044 | Subacute cases of diarrhea | Subacute cases of diarrhea are defined as those lasting from two weeks to two months | high | |
| #D045 | IT | intensity measured in mW/cm2 or W/m 2× time measured in seconds resulting in a computed fluence in mJ/cm2 | high | |
| #D046 | shigellosis | disease caused by Shigella spp. | high | |
| #D047 | yersiniosis | Disease caused by Y. enterocolitica or Y. paratuberculosis | high | |
| #D048 | legionellosis | Illnesses caused by Legionella spp. | high | |
| #D049 | planktonic | freely floating | high | |
| #D050 | thermotolerant | can survive at high temperatures, between 55 and 70°C | high | |
| #D051 | Chronic cases | cases [of Aeromonas-associated diarrhea] that persist for longer periods [than two months] | high | |
| #D052 | Hypersensitivity pneumonitis | a form of pulmonary illness where inflammation within the lung is attributable to the body’s immune response to mycobacterial antigens | high | |
| #D053 | Cervical lymphadenitis | a disease of childhood, marked by swollen lymph nodes in the head or neck | high | |
| #D054 | Rapid growers | Species [of mycobacteria] categorized based on the time required to produce colonies on growth media | high | |
| #D055 | Slow growers | Species [of mycobacteria] categorized based on the time required to produce colonies on growth media | high | |
| #D056 | Guidance documents | provide operational or management guidance related to specific drinking water–related issues (e.g., boil water advisories) in order to make health risk assessment information available when a guideline value is not deemed necessary. | high | |
| #D057 | Guidelines | specifically for contaminants that meet all of the following criteria: 1. exposure to the contaminant could lead to adverse health effects; 2. the contaminant is frequently detected or could be expected to be found in a large number of drinking water supplies throughout Canada; and 3. the contaminant is detected, or could be expected to be detected, at a level that is of possible health significance. | high | |
| #D058 | Opportunistic pathogens | naturally found in aquatic environments and can cause opportunistic infections when the conditions in engineered water systems (e.g., drinking water distribution systems and building/premise plumbing) allow them to multiply and spread primarily to individuals who are susceptible to infection, such as infants, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. | high | |
| #D059 | Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) | results in decreased blood cell and platelet counts and acute kidney failure. | high | |
| #D060 | Legionnaires’ disease | a severe respiratory illness involving pneumonia, with symptoms that include fever, cough, chills, neurological aspects (confusion), muscle pain, headache and gastrointestinal problems (diarrhea, nausea, vomiting) | high | |
| #D061 | Pontiac fever | a milder, flu-like, self-limiting and non-pneumonic disease associated with exposure to Legionella. | high | |
| #D062 | Enteric fever | also known as typhoid or paratyphoid fever, a serious and life-threatening illness. | high | |
| #D063 | Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) | a rare but almost always fatal disease. | high | |
| #D064 | zoonotic pathogens | transmitted from animals to humans | high | |
| #D065 | shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli | subset of E. coli that can produce one or more of the potent Shiga toxins and are considered to be highly pathogenic to humans | high | |
| #D066 | trophozoite | feeding and infectious stage | high | |
| #D067 | cyst | resistant stage that can withstand temperatures of -20°C-56°C and provide resistance to desiccation and disinfection | high | |
| #D068 | serotypes | variations in surface O and H antigens | high | |
| #D069 | biotypes | differentiated by physiochemical and biochemical tests | high | |
| #D070 | PFGE | Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis | high | |
| #D071 | SBT | sequence-based typing | high | |
| #D072 | MCLG | maximum contaminant level goal (a non-enforceable guideline) | high | |
| #D073 | MAC | Mycobacterium avium complex | high | |
| #D074 | microaerophilic | require lower oxygen levels | high | |
| #D075 | acidophilic | acid-loving | high | |
| #D076 | secondary disinfection | to maintain a disinfectant residual in the distribution system | high | |
| #D077 | action level | a Legionella concentration of 50,000 CFU/L [that] warrants concern and should be considered... to trigger remedial activities | high |