| Req ID | Category | Intent | Legal Status | Name | Subdomain(s) | Context | Conditions | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #Q001 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Source Water Characterization | drinking water | Utilities should characterize their source water to assess PFOS concentrations. | All source waters | high |
| #Q002 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Routine Source Water Monitoring | drinking water | In source waters where PFOS is present at levels exceeding the proposed MAC, quarterly monitoring of surface water and semi-annual monitoring of groundwater should be conducted. | When PFOS is present at levels exceeding the proposed MAC in source waters | high |
| #Q003 | monitoring | operational | guidance | Enhanced Monitoring for GAC Treatment | drinking water | Utilities that use a granular activated carbon (GAC) system for PFOS removal may want to enhance monitoring of the treated water in order to assess the performance of the GAC system and to determine the timing of the regeneration. | When using GAC systems for PFOS removal | high |
| #Q004 | monitoring | operational | guidance | Reduced Monitoring | drinking water | Utilities may consider reduced monitoring when they have data indicating that PFOS does not occur in the source water. | When data indicates PFOS does not occur in source water | high |
| #Q005 | monitoring | operational | guidance | Monitoring for PFAA Precursors | drinking water | However, if the main source of groundwater contamination is suspected to be from the use of AFFF, utilities may want to consider monitoring for other perfluorinated alkyl acids PFAAs (i.e., shorter chain compounds such as perfluorobutanoic acid and perfluorobutane sulfonate). | When the main source of groundwater contamination is suspected to be from the use of AFFF | high |
| #Q006 | operational | operational | recommended | Awareness of Precursor Oxidation | drinking water | Utilities should be aware that ozone or AOPs may oxidize polyfluorinated precursor chemicals present in the raw water, which could result in an increased concentration of PFOS in the finished water. | When using ozone or AOPs for treatment | high |
| #Q007 | monitoring | operational | mandatory | Use of Isotope-Labelled Internal Standards | drinking water | In addition, the use of isotope-labelled internal standards is a standard practice and must be used in the analysis of PFASs. | During laboratory analysis of PFASs | high |
| #Q008 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Avoidance of Clean-up Contamination | drinking water | Care should be taken to avoid contamination of the extract or losses of PFASs during the clean-up procedures. | During sample clean-up procedures prior to instrumental determination | high |
| #Q009 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Testing of SPE Devices | drinking water | SPE cartridges can also be a source of contamination and the U.S. EPA (2009a) recommends that SPE devices be tested prior to using them for analysis to ensure that there is no contamination of the sample. | Prior to using SPE devices for extraction | high |
| #Q010 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Avoidance of Fluoropolymers in Laboratory Materials | drinking water | Contacts with such laboratory materials and products during analysis of PFOS should be avoided | During laboratory analysis of PFOS | high |
| #Q011 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Avoidance of Glassware for Sampling | drinking water | However, ISO method 25101 and EPA Method 537 recommended against the use of glassware for sampling due to the potential adsorption of PFOS on the walls | During sampling for PFOS analysis | high |
| #Q012 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Proper Storage and Sample Preservation | drinking water | The storage and sample preservation steps prior to the instrumental analysis should prevent changes in composition of the sample matrix and the concentration of the analyte | During storage and sample preservation prior to analysis | high |
| #Q013 | design | treatment | mandatory | GAC System Design and Operation | drinking water | In order to achieve a PFOS concentration below 0.6 µg/L, the GAC system must be specifically designed and appropriately operated for PFOS removal in drinking water. | When utilizing GAC systems for PFOS removal | high |
| #Q014 | design | treatment | mandatory | Targeted PFAS Treatment Design | drinking water | The treatment technologies need to be designed specifically for PFASs removal and operated appropriately in order to achieve contaminants removal objectives in drinking water | When designing treatment technologies for PFAS removal | high |
| #Q015 | monitoring | operational | mandatory | GAC Breakthrough Monitoring | drinking water | Close monitoring of PFOS breakthrough (treatment objective) is necessary for efficient operation of GAC unit. | When operating GAC units for PFOS removal | high |
| #Q016 | design | treatment | recommended | Membrane Selection Criteria | drinking water | Since the size exclusion is an important mechanism for PFASs rejection by NF membranes, consideration should be taken to select membranes with MWCO smaller than the size of PFOS. | When utilizing nanofiltration (NF) membranes | high |
| #Q017 | operational | operational | mandatory | RO Reject Water Disposal | drinking water | RO rejects a significant portion of the influent water as contaminant-rich brine, and the concentrate discharge must be disposed of appropriately. | When using reverse osmosis (RO) treatment | high |
| #Q018 | treatment | treatment | mandatory | Post-treatment Corrosion Control | drinking water | In most cases, post-treatment corrosion control measures need to be taken. | Following reverse osmosis (RO) treatment | high |
| #Q019 | treatment | treatment | recommended | Residential Treatment Advisory | drinking water | Generally, it is not recommended that drinking water treatment devices be used to provide additional treatment to municipally treated water. | For homes receiving municipally treated water | high |
| #Q020 | design | treatment | recommended | Residential Device Certification | drinking water | Health Canada does not recommend specific brands of drinking water treatment devices, but it strongly recommends that consumers use devices that have been certified by an accredited certification body as meeting the appropriate NSF International (NSF)/American National Standards Institute (ANSI) drinking water treatment unit standards. | When selecting residential drinking water treatment devices | high |
| #Q021 | design | treatment | recommended | RO System Point-of-Use Installation | drinking water | RO systems should only be installed at POU as the water they have treated may be corrosive to internal plumbing components. | When installing residential RO systems | high |
| #Q022 | design | treatment | recommended | NSF/ANSI Standard 61 Certification | drinking water | Health Canada strongly recommends that homeowners ensure that these systems are constructed using materials certified to NSF/ANSI Standard 61 | When installing ion exchange treatment devices for residential use | high |
| #Q023 | treatment | treatment | guidance | Pre-treatment for Residential Ion Exchange | drinking water | If an ion exchange system is used, the water may need to be filtered through a GAC filter to remove any chlorine or chloramine (if connected to a treated water supply) from the water before it reaches the resin. | If an ion exchange system is used on a treated water supply containing chlorine or chloramine | high |
| #Q024 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Pre-installation Water Testing | drinking water | Before a treatment device is installed, the water should be tested to determine general water chemistry and verify the presence and concentration of PFOS. | Prior to installing a residential treatment device | high |
| #Q025 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Periodic Efficacy Testing | drinking water | Periodic testing by an accredited laboratory should be conducted on both the water entering the treatment device and the finished water to verify that the treatment device is effective. | While using residential treatment devices | high |
| #Q026 | operational | operational | mandatory | Residential Device Maintenance | drinking water | Devices can lose removal capacity through use and time and need to be maintained and/or replaced. | For installed residential treatment devices | high |
| #Q027 | administrative | reporting | recommended | Jurisdictional Guidance Coordination | drinking water | Specific guidance related to the implementation of drinking water guidelines should be obtained from the appropriate drinking water authority in the affected jurisdiction. | Implementation of guidelines | high |
| #Q028 | operational | treatment | mandatory | GAC Media Replacement | drinking water | When the adsorption capacity of the GAC is exhausted, it must be removed from the contactor and replaced with fresh or reactivated carbon. | When adsorption capacity is exhausted | high |
| #Q029 | treatment | treatment | guidance | Residential Membrane Pre-treatment | drinking water | A consumer may need to pre-treat the influent water to reduce fouling and extend the service life of the membrane. | Residential-scale membrane treatment (RO) | high |
| #Q030 | monitoring | reporting | mandatory | Laboratory Quality Control Procedures | drinking water | In order to generate accurate data, quality control (QC) procedures (matrix spikes, duplicates, spike-recovery experiments, surrogate recovery checks) are critical. | During laboratory analysis of PFASs | high |
| #Q031 | monitoring | reporting | mandatory | Analytical Extraction and Clean-up | drinking water | the PFOS quantification requires efficient extraction and clean-up procedures. | During laboratory analysis of PFOS in drinking water | high |
| #Q032 | monitoring | reporting | guidance | Sample Pre-treatment Filtration | drinking water | Prior to a SPE, a sample pre-treatment (filtration) may be required to facilitate extraction or to remove matrix constituent that will interfere with analyses | Prior to solid phase extraction (SPE) if matrix interference is present | high |
| #Q033 | monitoring | operational | recommended | NF Membrane Testing | drinking water | Testing of the selected NF membrane for PFOS removal at both pilot- and full-scale is an important step for utilities when considering this treatment process. | When considering implementation of nanofiltration (NF) treatment | high |
| #Q034 | prohibition | unknown | mandatory | Prohibition of PFOS Manufacture and Import | other | The Canadian regulations prohibit the manufacture, import, sale, offer for sale and use of PFOS or products containing PFOS, unless incidentally present, with certain exemptions for aviation hydraulic fluids under certain conditions, and some products used in photographic or photolithographic process | Except for specific exemptions such as aviation hydraulic fluids and certain photographic processes | high |
| #Q035 | administrative | reporting | recommended | Consultation Anonymity Statement | other | Authors who do not want their name and affiliation shared with their CDW member should provide a statement to this effect along with their comments. | When submitting comments during the public consultation period | high |
| #Q036 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Sample Container Material Selection | drinking water | The authors recommended the use of high density polyethylene or glass containers. | For collection and storage of water samples intended for analysis of long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) | high |
| #Q037 | administrative | reporting | mandatory | Comment Submission Deadline | other | All comments must be received before September 2nd, 2016. | Public consultation period | high |
| #Q038 | operational | treatment | guidance | GAC Regeneration Frequency Suggestion | drinking water | Takagi et al. (2011) observed that GAC regenerated over periods greater than one year were not effective in removing PFOS and PFOA and suggested regenerating the carbon 2 to 3 times per year. | When using GAC for PFOS removal | high |
| #Q039 | monitoring | reporting | guidance | Alternative Quantitation Method | drinking water | If isotope-labelled internal standards are not available, a standard addition quantitation, which involves spiking known quantities of a standard into the sample, is an alternative to use when matrix effects are unavoidable | When isotope-labelled internal standards are unavailable and matrix effects are present | high |
| #Q040 | reporting | reporting | mandatory | UCMR3 MRL Reporting Requirement | drinking water | PFOS has been included in the third Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR3), which stipulates that using Method 537 ver. 1.1, an MRL of 40 ng/L (0.04 µg/L) for PFOS must be achieved and reported by the utilities during monitoring (U.S. EPA, 2012b). | Monitoring under the third Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR3) using Method 537 ver. 1.1 | high |
| #Q041 | operational | operational | guidance | Instrumental Background Contamination Mitigation | drinking water | The instrumental background contamination can be reduced by replacing or bypassing the fluoropolymers parts such a degasser (Arbuckle et.al, 2013) with offline degassing of mobile phases; replacing fluoropolymer components with stainless steel, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) tubing, installing an upstream guard column, extensively flushing of the LC system or reducing the LC-column equilibration time (Martin et al., 2004; Yamashita et al., 2004; Villagrassa et al., 2006; Larsen and Kaiser, 2007; Nakayama et al., 2007; Shoemaker et al., 2009; Arbuckle et.al, 2013). | During instrumental analysis of PFASs | high |
| Req ID | Category | Intent | Legal Status | Name | Subdomain(s) | Limit Type | Limit Value | Context | Conditions | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #P001 | chemical | health | guideline | Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) | drinking water | MAC | 0.0006 mg/L | A maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) of 0.0006 mg/L (0.6 µg/L) is proposed for PFOS in drinking water. | high | |
| #P002 | chemical | health | guideline | Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) | drinking water | MAC | 0.6 µg/L | A maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) of 0.0006 mg/L (0.6 µg/L) is proposed for PFOS in drinking water. | high | |
| #P003 | chemical | reporting | mandatory | PFOS Minimum Reporting Level | drinking water | requirement | 40 ng/L | PFOS has been included in the third Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR3), which stipulates that using Method 537 ver. 1.1, an MRL of 40 ng/L (0.04 µg/L) for PFOS must be achieved and reported by the utilities during monitoring. | Under UCMR3 monitoring. | high |
| #P004 | chemical | reporting | mandatory | PFOS Minimum Reporting Level | drinking water | requirement | 0.04 µg/L | PFOS has been included in the third Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR3), which stipulates that using Method 537 ver. 1.1, an MRL of 40 ng/L (0.04 µg/L) for PFOS must be achieved and reported by the utilities during monitoring. | Under UCMR3 monitoring. | high |
| #P005 | operational | reporting | recommended | Monitoring Frequency - Surface Water | drinking water | requirement | 4 times per year | In source waters where PFOS is present at levels exceeding the proposed MAC, quarterly monitoring of surface water... should be conducted. | When PFOS in source water exceeds the MAC (0.0006 mg/L). | high |
| #P006 | operational | reporting | recommended | Monitoring Frequency - Groundwater | drinking water | requirement | 2 times per year | In source waters where PFOS is present at levels exceeding the proposed MAC... semi-annual monitoring of groundwater should be conducted. | When PFOS in source water exceeds the MAC (0.0006 mg/L). | high |
| #P007 | physical | reporting | guidance | Method 537 Method Detection Limit (MDL) | drinking water | requirement | 1.4 ng/L | The method detection limit (MDL) of PFOS is 1.4 ng/L (0.0014 µg/L). | When using EPA Method 537 ver. 1.1. | high |
| #P008 | physical | reporting | guidance | Method 537 Lowest Concentration Minimum Reporting Level (LCMRL) | drinking water | requirement | 6.5 ng/L | The Lowest Concentration Minimum Reporting Level (LCMRL) is 6.5 ng/L (0.0065 µg/L). | When using EPA Method 537 ver. 1.1. | high |
| #P009 | unknown | health | guideline | Exposure Allocation Factor for Drinking Water | drinking water | requirement | 0.2 proportion | Twenty percent is the default allocation factor for drinking water which is used as a 'floor value' when drinking water is not a major source of exposure. | Used for calculation of Health-Based Value (HBV). | high |
| #P010 | unknown | health | guideline | Daily Water Consumption Rate (Adult) | drinking water | requirement | 1.5 L/day | 1.5 L/day is the daily volume of water consumed by an adult. | Used for calculation of Health-Based Value (HBV). | high |
| #P011 | unknown | health | guideline | Average Body Weight (Adult) | drinking water | requirement | 70 kg | 70 kg is the average body weight of an adult. | Used for calculation of Health-Based Value (HBV). | high |
| #P012 | physical | reporting | guideline | ISO Method 25101 Quantitation Range | drinking water, agricultural water, aquatic life | requirement | 2 - 10,000 ng/L | ISO Method 25101 was found to be appropriate for determination of PFOS levels in unfiltered samples of drinking water, groundwater and surface water with concentrations in the range of 2 - 10,000 ng/L. | Applicable for linear and branched isomers in unfiltered samples. | high |
| #P013 | physical | reporting | guidance | 3M Method ETS-8-154.3 Limit of Quantitation | drinking water | requirement | 25 ng/L | The method (ETS-8-154.3) was developed and validated by 3M for PFOS analysis in drinking water, groundwater and surface water samples with an LOQ of 25 ng/L. | For drinking water, groundwater, and surface water. | high |
| #P014 | chemical | operational | mandatory | AFFF PFOS Concentration Ban | other | requirement | > 0.5 ppm | However, as of 2013, most uses of AFFF containing PFOS at concentrations of >0.5 ppm have been banned. | Regulations as of 2013. | high |
| #P015 | unknown | health | guideline | Composite Uncertainty Factor (Thyroid Effects) | drinking water | requirement | 75 unitless | The composite UF for thyroid hormone changes was 75, derived from 2.5 (interspecies toxicodynamics), 10 (intraspecies), and 3 (subchronic-to-chronic). | Used for derivation of the TDI based on thyroid hormone changes. | high |
| #P016 | chemical | health | guideline | Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) - Hepatocellular Hypertrophy | drinking water | treatment_goal | 0.00006 mg/kg bw per day | Hepatocellular hypertrophy is used as the basis of the TDI... a value of 0.00006 mg/kg bw per day is calculated. | Based on liver effects in rats. | high |
| #P017 | chemical | health | guideline | Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) - Thyroid Hormone Changes | drinking water | treatment_goal | 0.0001 mg/kg bw per day | The TDI calculated for thyroid effects in monkeys is 0.0001 mg/kg bw per day. | Based on thyroid hormone changes in monkeys. | high |
| #P018 | chemical | health | guidance | Human-Equivalent Point-of-Departure (POD_HEQ) - Liver Effects | drinking water | requirement | 0.0015 mg/kg bw per day | Table 4 calculates the non-cancer POD_HEQ for hepatocellular hypertrophy as 0.0015 mg/kg bw per day. | high | |
| #P019 | design | treatment | guidance | Residential Point-of-Use Activated Carbon Target | drinking water | treatment_goal | 0.2 µg/L | Available data suggests that residential activated carbon can achieve treated PFOS concentrations of 0.2 µg/L. | Point-of-use or point-of-entry installation. | high |
| #P020 | design | treatment | guidance | Residential Point-of-Use Reverse Osmosis Target | drinking water | treatment_goal | < 0.05 µg/L | Available data suggests that residential reverse osmosis can achieve treated PFOS concentrations below 0.05 µg/L. | Typically intended for POU installation due to brine reject and corrosivity. | high |
| #P021 | chemical | health | guideline | Health-Based Value (HBV) - Cancer | drinking water | requirement | 0.010 mg/L | The HBV for PFOS in drinking water is 0.010 mg/L, derived from the cancer risk assessment. | Based on hepatocellular tumours in male rats. | high |
| #P022 | chemical | health | guideline | Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) - Cancer | drinking water | requirement | 0.0011 mg/kg bw per day | The cancer TDI was calculated as 0.0011 mg/kg bw per day. | high | |
| #P023 | chemical | health | guideline | Human-Equivalent Point-of-Departure (POD_HEQ) - Cancer | drinking water | requirement | 0.028 mg/kg bw per day | The human-equivalent point-of-departure (POD_HEQ) for cancer risk assessment is 0.028 mg/kg bw per day. | high | |
| #P024 | chemical | health | guideline | Human-Equivalent Point-of-Departure (POD_HEQ) - Thyroid Effects | drinking water | requirement | 0.0075 mg/kg bw per day | Table 4 calculates the non-cancer POD_HEQ for thyroid hormone changes as 0.0075 mg/kg bw per day. | Based on monkey study (Seacat et al., 2002). | high |
| #P025 | chemical | health | guideline | Composite Uncertainty Factor (Cancer) | drinking water | requirement | 25 unitless | The composite uncertainty factor of 25 is applied for the cancer risk assessment. | high | |
| #P026 | chemical | health | guideline | Composite Uncertainty Factor (Liver Effects) | drinking water | requirement | 25 unitless | The composite UF for hepatocellular hypertrophy was 25. | high | |
| #P027 | unknown | health | guideline | Human Serum Elimination Half-life | drinking water | requirement | 5.4 years | The arithmetic mean half-life value for serum elimination of PFOS in humans was calculated as 5.4 years (1971 days). | Based on retired fluorochemical production workers. | high |
| #P028 | unknown | health | guideline | Human Volume of Distribution (Vd) | drinking water | requirement | 200 mL/kg bw | A volume of distribution (Vd) value of 200 mL/kg bw was used to represent human distribution for AKUF derivation. | Assumes distribution is mostly extracellular. | high |
| #P029 | physical | operational | guidance | Oral Absorption Rate | drinking water | requirement | > 95 % | In rats, studies consistently estimated the oral absorption rates of PFOS at >95% after a single dose. | Single oral dose in rats. | high |
| #P030 | physical | reporting | guideline | ISO Method 25101 Inter-laboratory Precision | drinking water | requirement | 16-27 % | The intra- and inter laboratory precisions were in the range of 3-4% and 16-27%, respectively for PFOS for all environmental water samples analyzed. | Inter-laboratory trial conducted in 2006. | high |
| #P031 | design | treatment | guidance | GAC Treatment Capacity (Bed Volumes) | drinking water | requirement | 59,483 BVs | The lead vessel operated for approximately 18 months and treated 59,483 bed volumes (BVs) before the concentration of PFOS exceeded 0.05 µg/L. | Lead/lag configuration, EBCT 13 minutes each. | high |
| #P032 | design | treatment | guidance | Nanofiltration (NF) Rejection Rate | drinking water | requirement | 93-99 % | the study found that a polyamide thin film composite flat-sheet NF membrane was capable of rejecting all of tested compounds in the range of 93 to 99%. | Virgin and fouled membranes in de-ionized or groundwater. | high |
| #P033 | physical | reporting | guidance | ISO Method 25101 Intra-laboratory Precision | drinking water | requirement | 3-4 % | The intra- and inter laboratory precisions were in the range of 3-4% and 16-27%, respectively for PFOS for all environmental water samples analyzed. | Inter-laboratory trial conducted in 2006. | high |
| #P034 | physical | reporting | guidance | ISO Method 25101 Internal Standard Recovery | drinking water | requirement | 90-96 % | The recovery of the internal standards for PFOS ranged from 90 to 96%. | Inter-laboratory trial results for ISO Method 25101. | high |
| #P035 | design | treatment | guidance | GAC Treatment Capacity (Treated Volume) | drinking water | requirement | 72,775 BVs | The GAC unit was capable of reducing an influent PFOS concentration in the range of 0.53-1.38 µg/L to below 0.05 µg/L, in the treated water from the lag vessel, for 72,775 BVs. | Lead/lag configuration, approximately 22 months of operation. | high |
| #P036 | design | treatment | guidance | GAC Empty Bed Contact Time (EBCT) | drinking water | requirement | 13 minutes | The system used two GAC contactors in a lead/lag configuration with an EBCT of 13 minutes each. | Specifically designed for PFASs removal in groundwater. | high |
| #P037 | design | treatment | guidance | RO Water Recovery Range | drinking water | requirement | 80-85 % | Both RO systems had a flux rate of 12 gallons per square foot per day (gfd) (20 L/m2/h) and water recovery in the range 80-85%. | Operating parameters for indirect potable water reuse plants with RO units. | high |
| Req ID | Category | Name | Context | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #D001 | BMDL | A suitable BMDL is defined as a lower 95% confidence limit estimate of dose corresponding to a 1-10% level of risk over background levels. | high | |
| #D002 | AFFF | aqueous film-forming foam | high | |
| #D003 | ALT | alanine transaminase | high | |
| #D004 | BMD | benchmark dose | high | |
| #D005 | BMDL | lower confidence limit on the benchmark dose | high | |
| #D006 | BMDL 10 | lower 95% confidence limit on the benchmark dose for a 10% response | high | |
| #D007 | BV | bed volume | high | |
| #D008 | CAS | Chemical Abstracts Service | high | |
| #D009 | CI | confidence interval | high | |
| #D010 | CSAF | chemical specific adjustment factor | high | |
| #D011 | DI | direct injection | high | |
| #D012 | DL | detection limit | high | |
| #D013 | EBCT | empty bed contact time | high | |
| #D014 | ESI | electrospray ionization | high | |
| #D015 | GAC | granular activated carbon | high | |
| #D016 | GD | gestational day | high | |
| #D017 | GM | geometric mean | high | |
| #D018 | HBV | health-based value | high | |
| #D019 | HPLC | high performance liquid chromatography | high | |
| #D020 | IT | ion-trap | high | |
| #D021 | LC | liquid chromatograph | high | |
| #D022 | LOAEL | lowest-observed-adverse-effect level | high | |
| #D023 | LOD | limit of detection | high | |
| #D024 | LOQ | limit of quantitation | high | |
| #D025 | LLE | liquid-liquid extraction | high | |
| #D026 | MAC | maximum acceptable concentration | high | |
| #D027 | MDL | method detection limit | high | |
| #D028 | MOA | mode of action | high | |
| #D029 | MRL | minimum reporting level | high | |
| #D030 | MS/MS | tandem mass spectrometry | high | |
| #D031 | NF | nanofiltration | high | |
| #D032 | NOAEL | no-observed-adverse-effect level | high | |
| #D033 | NOM | natural organic matter | high | |
| #D034 | PAC | powdered activated carbon | high | |
| #D035 | PBPK | Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic | high | |
| #D036 | PEFT | polytetrafluoroethylene | high | |
| #D037 | PFAA | perfluorinated alkyl acid | high | |
| #D038 | PFAS | perfluoroalkyl substance | high | |
| #D039 | PFCA | long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids | high | |
| #D040 | PFOA | perfluorooctanoic acid | high | |
| #D041 | PFOS | perfluorooctane sulfonate | high | |
| #D042 | PND | postnatal day | high | |
| #D043 | POD | point of departure | high | |
| #D044 | POD HEQ | human-equivalent points-of-departure | high | |
| #D045 | PTFE | polytetrafluoroethylene | high | |
| #D046 | RBF | river bank filtration | high | |
| #D047 | RO | reverse osmosis | high | |
| #D048 | SPE | solid phase extraction | high | |
| #D049 | TDI | tolerable daily intake | high | |
| #D050 | TDS | total diet study | high | |
| #D051 | UCMR3 | third Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule | high | |
| #D052 | CNTs | carbon molecules composed of carbon lattices that can take the form of tubes | high | |
| #D053 | Chitosan | a natural polysaccharide based on the shells of crustaceans | high | |
| #D054 | Molecular imprinting | a technique where specific sites for target compounds are constructed on a polymer so that specific adsorbates are recognized in the sorption process | high | |
| #D055 | ENFMs | prepared by electrospinning nanofibers of polymer or polymer composite materials to create membranes of non-woven fibers with diameters ranging from several hundreds to tens of nanometers | high | |
| #D056 | AKUF | the toxicokinetic component of the interspecies uncertainty factor | high | |
| #D057 | Vd | the volume of distribution, which is the theoretical volume of blood in which the amount of a chemical would need to be uniformly distributed to produce the observed blood concentration | high | |
| #D058 | River bank filtration (RBF) | a drinking water treatment method where surface water flows through the subsurface sand and gravel layers of the bank or bed of a river to extraction wells and contaminants are removed through the processes of filtration, sorption, dilution and biodegradation. | high | |
| #D059 | pKa | acid dissociation constant | high | |
| #D060 | LogKow | octanol:water partition coefficient | high | |
| #D061 | QSAR | quantitative structure-activity relationship models | high | |
| #D062 | LCMRL | Lowest Concentration Minimum Reporting Level | high | |
| #D063 | AOPs | Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) include the use of appropriate combinations of ultraviolet (UV) light, chemical oxidants and catalysts (e.g., ozone, hydrogen peroxide, titanium dioxide,) to generate highly reactive radicals, such as hydroxyl radicals, which are strong oxidants and react rapidly and non-selectively with organic contaminants. | high | |
| #D064 | MIPs | chitosan-based molecularly imprinted polymers | high | |
| #D065 | L-FABP | liver fatty acid binding protein | high | |
| #D066 | TTR | thyroid hormone transport protein transthyretin | high | |
| #D067 | PK | pharmacokinetic | high | |
| #D068 | TC | total cholesterol | high | |
| #D069 | TT4 | total T4 | high | |
| #D070 | fT4 | free T4 | high | |
| #D071 | TDAR | T-dependent antigen response | high | |
| #D072 | SRBC | sheep red blood cell | high | |
| #D073 | S/N | signal-to-noise | high | |
| #D074 | DOC | dissolved organic carbon | high | |
| #D075 | MF | microfiltration | high | |
| #D076 | UF | ultrafiltration | high | |
| #D077 | MWCO | molecular weight cut-off | high | |
| #D078 | gfd | gallons per square foot per day | high | |
| #D079 | MWCNT | multi-walled carbon nanotube | high | |
| #D080 | NK | natural killer | high | |
| #D081 | AIC | Akaike information criterion | high | |
| #D082 | PHA | Provisional Health Advisory | high | |
| #D083 | RfD | reference dose | high | |
| #D084 | HRL | Health Risk Limit | high | |
| #D085 | HED | human equivalent dose | high | |
| #D086 | POU | point-of-use | high | |
| #D087 | POE | point-of-entry | high | |
| #D088 | ADUF | toxicodynamic component of the interspecies uncertainty factor | high | |
| #D089 | ISO | International Standard Organization | high | |
| #D090 | WAX | weak anion exchange | high | |
| #D091 | PEEK | polyetheretherketone | high | |
| #D092 | TOF | time-of-flight | high | |
| #D093 | TT3 | total T3 | high | |
| #D094 | RSSCTs | Rapid small-scale column tests | high | |
| #D095 | S-PACs | superfine PACs | high | |
| #D096 | ADHD | attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder | high | |
| #D097 | DNBC | Danish National Birth Cohort | high | |
| #D098 | ALSPAC | Avon Longitudinal study of Parents and Children | high | |
| #D099 | S9 | metabolic activation | high | |
| #D100 | UDS | unscheduled DNA synthesis | high | |
| #D101 | SHE | Syrian hamster embryo | high | |
| #D102 | Alum | aluminum sulfate | high | |
| #D103 | CHMS | Canadian Health Measures Survey | high | |
| #D104 | NHANES | National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey | high | |
| #D105 | SCC | Standards Council of Canada | high | |
| #D106 | IAPMO | International Association of Plumbing & Mechanical Officials | high |