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Document ID ca-gcdwqgtd-2011-07-20-6 Title Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Carbon Tetrachloride URL https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/publications/healthy-living/guidelines-canadian-drinking-water-quality-guideline-technical-document-carbon-tetrachloride/page-8-guidelines-canadian-drinking-water-quality-guideline-technical-document-carbon-tetrachloride.html Jurisdiction /ca Subdomain(s) Drinking water, Water treatment Language en Status completed Analyzed at 2026-03-17 16:56:24.748123+00:00 Relevance Technical guidance on municipal and residential treatment for carbon tetrachloride.

7 Qualitative 22 Quantitative 15 Definitions

Q Qualitative Requirements (7)

Req ID	Category	Intent	Legal Status	Name	Subdomain(s)	Context	Conditions	Confidence
#Q001	design	treatment	recommended	Consideration of treatment process selection factors	drinking water	These factors should be taken into consideration to ensure that the treatment process selected is effective for the reduction of carbon tetrachloride in drinking water.	When selecting an appropriate treatment process for a specific water supply	high
#Q002	treatment	treatment	guidance	Treatment of stripping tower off-gas	drinking water	As PTA transfers VOCs from water to air, treatment of the stripping tower off-gas to reduce the contaminant concentrations prior to discharge may be necessary	When using packed tower aeration (PTA) that transfers VOCs from water to air	medium
#Q003	operational	operational	recommended	Restriction on additional treatment of municipally treated water	drinking water	Generally, it is not recommended that drinking water treatment devices be used to provide additional treatment of municipally treated water.		high
#Q004	design	health	recommended	Certification of residential drinking water treatment devices	drinking water	Health Canada does not recommend specific brands of drinking water treatment devices, but it strongly recommends that consumers use devices that have been certified by an accredited certification body as meeting the appropriate NSF International (NSF)/American National Standards Institute (ANSI) drinking water treatment unit standards.	When an individual household obtains its drinking water from a private well and uses a private residential drinking water treatment device	high
#Q005	monitoring	operational	recommended	Periodic testing of residential treatment devices	drinking water	Periodic testing by an accredited laboratory should be conducted on both the water entering the treatment device and the water it produces to verify that the treatment device is effective.	For systems designed and constructed from certified materials or any residential point-of-entry/point-of-use treatment device	high
#Q006	treatment	operational	mandatory	Maintenance and replacement of residential treatment devices	drinking water	Devices will lose removal capacity through usage and time and need to be maintained and/or replaced.	As removal capacity is lost through usage and time	high
#Q007	operational	operational	recommended	Verification of treatment device component longevity	drinking water	Consumers should read the manufacturer's recommendations to verify the expected longevity of the components in their treatment device.		high

P Quantitative Requirements (22)

Req ID	Category	Intent	Legal Status	Name	Subdomain(s)	Limit Type	Limit Value	Context	Conditions	Confidence
#P001	chemical	health	guideline	Carbon tetrachloride	drinking water	MAC	0.002 mg/L	Maximum acceptable concentration (MAC)		high
#P002	design	treatment	recommended	Carbon tetrachloride	drinking water	requirement	< 0.0018 mg/L	Maximum final (effluent) concentration	For a drinking water treatment device to be certified to NSF/ANSI Standard 53 or 58 for the removal of carbon tetrachloride or VOCs	high
#P003	design	treatment	recommended	Carbon tetrachloride	drinking water	requirement	0.078 mg/L	Influent (challenge) concentration	For a drinking water treatment device to be certified to NSF/ANSI Standard 53 for the removal of carbon tetrachloride	high
#P004	design	treatment	recommended	Carbon tetrachloride	drinking water	treatment_goal	> 98 %	Reducing the concentration by more than 98%	For a drinking water treatment device to be certified to NSF/ANSI Standard 53 for the removal of carbon tetrachloride	high
#P005	design	treatment	guidance	Carbon tetrachloride	drinking water	requirement	5 µg/L	Treatment devices certified specifically for carbon tetrachloride removal can only verify that they would meet this final concentration	Treatment devices certified specifically for carbon tetrachloride removal	high
#P006	design	treatment	guidance	Carbon tetrachloride	drinking water	requirement	< 1.8 µg/L	Final concentration achieved	Only treatment devices certified for the removal of VOCs can verify that this final concentration is achieved	high
#P007	operational	treatment	guidance	Carbon tetrachloride	drinking water	treatment_goal	< 1 µg/L	Effluent concentrations below 1 µg/L is considered feasible	Granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption under reasonable operating conditions	medium
#P008	operational	treatment	guidance	Carbon tetrachloride	drinking water	treatment_goal	1 µg/L	Obtain effluent concentrations of 1 µg/L are considered to be achievable	Packed tower aeration (PTA)	medium
#P009	operational	treatment	guidance	Carbon tetrachloride removal efficiency (GAC)	drinking water	treatment_goal	99 %	A removal efficiency of 99% is considered feasible for carbon tetrachloride under reasonable operating conditions for granular activated carbon adsorption.	Granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption under reasonable operating conditions	high
#P010	operational	treatment	guidance	Carbon tetrachloride removal efficiency (PTA)	drinking water	treatment_goal	99 %	Removal efficiencies of 99% to obtain effluent concentrations of 1 g/L are considered to be achievable using packed tower aeration.	Packed tower aeration (PTA)	high
#P011	operational	treatment	guidance	Carbon tetrachloride removal efficiency (Reverse Osmosis)	drinking water	treatment_goal	70-100 %	Bench-scale investigations demonstrated that selected reverse osmosis membranes were capable of reducing 70-100% of the carbon tetrachloride concentration in water.	Bench-scale investigations; dependent on membrane type, flux, recovery, solubility, molecular weight, etc.	high
#P012	operational	treatment	guidance	Carbon tetrachloride removal efficiency (Membrane air stripping)	drinking water	treatment_goal	85 %	Pilot-scale studies demonstrated up to 85% reduction of carbon tetrachloride and greater mass transfer coefficients with than with the use of traditional air stripping towers.	Microporous polypropylene hollow fibre membranes	high
#P013	design	treatment	guidance	GAC Empty Bed Contact Time (EBCT)	drinking water	OG	15 min	Estimated cost-effective design parameter for liquid-phase GAC treatment	To reduce influent concentration of 100 µg/L to 5 µg/L	high
#P014	design	treatment	guidance	GAC Carbon Usage Rate	drinking water	OG	0.03 kg/m³	Estimated cost-effective design parameter for liquid-phase GAC treatment	To reduce influent concentration of 100 µg/L to 5 µg/L; equivalent to 0.25/1000 gallons	high
#P015	design	treatment	guidance	PTA Air to Water Ratio	drinking water	OG	20 ratio	Cost-effective PTA design parameters for plants ranging in size from 1 to 100 ML/day	For reduction of carbon tetrachloride	high
#P016	design	treatment	guidance	PTA Packing Depth	drinking water	OG	9.6 m	Cost-effective PTA design parameters for plants ranging in size from 1 to 100 ML/day	Equivalent to 31.5 ft	high
#P017	operational	treatment	guidance	E-Beam Removal Efficiency Range	drinking water	treatment_goal	97.5 - 99.3 %	Pilot-scale experiments for high-energy electron beam (E Beam) treatment	For influent concentrations ranging from 133 to 8490 µg/L	high
#P018	design	treatment	guidance	PTA Air Stripper Length (Typical Full-Scale)	drinking water	OG	13.7 m	Typical full-scale plant air stripping design parameters	Plant capacity > 8.17 ML/day	high
#P019	operational	treatment	guidance	GAC Bed Life	drinking water	OG	168 days	Estimated cost-effective design parameter for liquid-phase GAC treatment	Reducing 100 µg/L to 5 µg/L using an EBCT of 15 min	high
#P020	operational	treatment	guidance	Carbon tetrachloride removal efficiency (GAC - Cost Effective)	drinking water	treatment_goal	95 %	A reduction of carbon tetrachloride in drinking water may be achievable under specific cost-effective parameters.	Influent 100 µg/L, Effluent 5 µg/L, EBCT 15 min, bed life 168 days	high
#P021	design	treatment	guidance	PTA Air to Water Ratio (Typical)	drinking water	OG	6.2 ratio	Typical full-scale plant air stripping design parameters for reduction of carbon tetrachloride	Plant capacity > 8.17 ML/day	high
#P022	design	treatment	guidance	PTA Packed Column Diameter	drinking water	OG	1.5 m	Typical full-scale plant air stripping design parameters for reduction of carbon tetrachloride	Plant capacity > 8.17 ML/day	high

D Definitions (15)

Req ID	Name	Context	Confidence
#D001	GAC	granular activated carbon	high
#D002	EBCT	empty bed contact time	high
#D003	PTA	packed tower aeration	high
#D004	E Beam	High-energy electron beam	high
#D005	NSF	NSF International	high
#D006	ANSI	American National Standards Institute	high
#D007	SCC	Standards Council of Canada	high
#D008	MAC	maximum acceptable concentration	high
#D009	High-energy electron beam (E Beam)	This technique involves injecting high-energy electrons into an aqueous solution of contaminants following the formation of highly reactive species such as aqueous electrons, hydroxyl radicals, and hydrogen radicals, which mineralize the organic molecules.	high
#D010	Pervaporation	This technique involves the removal of VOCs by permeating the liquid through a membrane and then evaporating the VOC into the vapour phase.	high
#D011	Membrane air stripping	Air stripping of VOCs with microporous polypropylene hollow fibre membranes has been introduced as an alternative method to PTA	high
#D012	point-of-use	installed at the faucet	high
#D013	point-of-entry	at the location where water enters the home	high
#D014	NSF/ANSI Standard 53	Drinking Water Treatment Units - Health Effects	high
#D015	NSF/ANSI Standard 58	Reverse Osmosis Drinking Water Treatment Systems	high