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Document ID ca-cgdrwutuf-2011-01-11-3 Title Canadian Guidelines for Domestic Reclaimed Water for Use in Toilet and Urinal Flushing URL https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/publications/healthy-living/canadian-guidelines-domestic-reclaimed-water-use-toilet-urinal-flushing/canadian-guidelines-domestic-reclaimed-water-use-toilet-urinal-flushing-page-5.html Jurisdiction /ca Subdomain(s) Water quality, Wastewater, Water reuse Language en Status completed Analyzed at 2026-03-19 08:14:14.420162+00:00 Relevance Defines water quality parameters and treatment standards for reclaimed water.

Q Qualitative Requirements (23)

Req ID Category Intent Legal Status Name Subdomain(s) Context Conditions Confidence
#Q001treatmenthealthrecommendedGeneral Disinfection Recommendationwastewater, otherAll domestic reclaimed water used for toilet and urinal flushing should be disinfected.Domestic reclaimed water used for toilet and urinal flushinghigh
#Q002treatmenthealthguidancePrimary Disinfection Meanswastewater, otherPrimary disinfection may be accomplished by any chemical, physical or biological means that results in the destruction, inactivation or removal of microorganisms.Primary disinfection of domestic reclaimed waterhigh
#Q003treatmenthealthrecommendedSecondary Disinfection Recommendationwastewater, otherChlorination should be used at least as a secondary means of disinfection to maintain chlorine residual within the storage system (if applicable) and the distribution/plumbing system.Storage system and distribution/plumbing systemhigh
#Q004operationaloperationalrecommendedManagement Program Criteriawastewater, otherA management program, including treatment technologies in place, should consistently achieve the reclaimed water quality criteria shown in Table 1.high
#Q005monitoringoperationalguidanceTSS or Turbidity Monitoringwastewater, otherOnly one of TSS and turbidity needs to be monitored in a given system.Measured prior to disinfection pointhigh
#Q006monitoringhealthguidanceE. coli or Thermotolerant Coliforms Monitoringwastewater, otherOnly one of Escherichia coli and thermotolerant coliforms needs to be monitored in a given system.high
#Q007monitoringhealthrecommendedGreywater Coliform Indicator Recommendationwastewater, otherFor systems reclaiming only greywater, it is recommended that thermotolerant coliform values be utilized instead of E. coli.Systems reclaiming only greywaterhigh
#Q008treatmenthealthmandatoryChlorine Residual Presence Requirementwastewater, otherDisinfection is essential to this process, and a chlorine residual must be present in the domestic reclaimed water storage system and distribution system piping.Domestic reclaimed water storage system and distribution system pipinghigh
#Q009monitoringoperationalrecommendedStart-up Sampling Frequencywastewater, otherDuring the first 30-day period of operation (i.e., start-up), a minimum of five samples should be collected and tested for all of the guideline water quality parameters listed in Table 1.During the first 30-day period of operation (i.e., start-up)high
#Q010monitoringoperationalrecommendedStart-up Sampling Intervalwastewater, otherThe samples should be collected at regular intervals during the 30-day period.During the first 30-day period of operation (i.e., start-up)high
#Q011monitoringoperationalmandatoryStart-up Monitoring Continuationwastewater, otherThis monitoring frequency needs to be continued until the system is shown to meet all of the guideline values in Table 1.If the system has not yet been shown to meet all guideline values in Table 1high
#Q012monitoringoperationalguidanceReduction of Monitoring Frequencywastewater, otherWhen a 30-day sampling period shows that the treated domestic reclaimed water meets the guideline values for all the parameters, the monitoring frequency can be reduced for some parameters.When a 30-day sampling period shows that the treated domestic reclaimed water meets the guideline values for all the parametershigh
#Q013monitoringoperationalrecommendedOngoing Monitoring Requirementswastewater, otherMonitoring frequencies for residual chlorine and for turbidity or TSS (where possible) should be maintained, whereas frequencies for E. coli or thermotolerant coliforms and BOD5 can be reduced to semi-annual or annual monitoring (depending on the jurisdiction) to verify that the system is still working effectively.After successful 30-day start-up verificationhigh
#Q014monitoringoperationalrecommendedOngoing Monitoring Sample Minimumswastewater, otherDuring semi-annual or annual monitoring, a minimum of two samples should be taken for each parameter being analysed.During semi-annual or annual monitoringhigh
#Q015monitoringoperationalrecommendedOngoing Monitoring Sample Intervalwastewater, otherThese samples should be collected at least an hour apart to provide a better estimate of the water quality being produced.During semi-annual or annual monitoringhigh
#Q016corrective_actionoperationalrecommendedFollow-up Sampling on Exceedancewastewater, otherIf both samples exceed the median or any sample exceeds the maximum, follow-up samples should be collected to confirm the exceedance.If both samples exceed the median or any sample exceeds the maximumhigh
#Q017corrective_actionoperationalrecommendedResponse to Confirmed Exceedancewastewater, otherConfirmation of an exceedance of any guideline parameter should result in the system returning to monitoring as outlined for systems during the 30-day start-up monitoring period and an investigation into the cause of the exceedance.Upon confirmation of an exceedance of any guideline parameterhigh
#Q018operationaloperationalguidanceContinued Operation During Investigationwastewater, otherIf the guideline median values are exceeded, but all samples are less than the maximum values, the system can continue to be used during the investigation of the water quality.If the guideline median values are exceeded, but all samples are less than the maximum valueshigh
#Q019corrective_actionhealthrecommendedSystem Bypass on Maximum Exceedancewastewater, otherIf the maximum values have been exceeded for any parameter, the system should be bypassed until the problem has been shown to be corrected and the water quality returns to meeting the guideline values.If the maximum values have been exceeded for any parameterhigh
#Q020administrativeunknownguidanceGreywater Default Pathogen Valueswastewater, otherIn the absence of default values for greywater, the wastewater default values can be used.Calculating microbiological treatment goals for greywater sourcesmedium
#Q021designoperationalguidanceAlternative Pathogen Data Usagewastewater, otherSystem-specific data on pathogen concentrations can be gathered and used as an alternative to the default values.Calculating log removal/inactivation requirements as an alternative to default wastewater valueshigh
#Q022monitoringtreatmentmandatoryTotal Chlorine Residual Compliance PointotherMeasured at the point where the treated effluent enters the distribution/plumbing system.Applicable specifically to total chlorine residual monitoringhigh
#Q023monitoringreportingguidelineGeneral Compliance Point for Quality LimitsotherUnless otherwise noted, recommended quality limits apply to the reclaimed water at the point of discharge from the treatment facility or treatment unit.General application for all Table 1 parameters unless specific footnotes state otherwisehigh

P Quantitative Requirements (14)

Req ID Category Intent Legal Status Name Subdomain(s) Limit Type Limit Value Context Conditions Confidence
#P001chemicaloperationalguidelineBOD5wastewater, otherrequirement= 10 mg/LMedian limit for domestic reclaimed water used in toilet and urinal flushingMeasured at the point of discharge from the treatment facility or treatment unithigh
#P002chemicaloperationalguidelineBOD5wastewater, otherMAC= 20 mg/LMaximum limit for domestic reclaimed water used in toilet and urinal flushingMeasured at the point of discharge from the treatment facility or treatment unithigh
#P003physicaloperationalguidelineTSSwastewater, otherrequirement<= 10 mg/LMedian limit for domestic reclaimed water used in toilet and urinal flushingMeasured prior to disinfection pointhigh
#P004physicaloperationalguidelineTSSwastewater, otherMAC<= 20 mg/LMaximum limit for domestic reclaimed water used in toilet and urinal flushingMeasured prior to disinfection pointhigh
#P005physicaloperationalguidelineTurbiditywastewater, otherrequirement= 2 NTUMedian limit for domestic reclaimed water used in toilet and urinal flushingMeasured prior to disinfection pointhigh
#P006physicaloperationalguidelineTurbiditywastewater, otherMAC= 5 NTUMaximum limit for domestic reclaimed water used in toilet and urinal flushingMeasured prior to disinfection pointhigh
#P007microbiologicalhealthguidelineEscherichia coliwastewater, otherMAC= 200 CFU/100 mLMaximum limit for domestic reclaimed water used in toilet and urinal flushingApplies at point of discharge from treatment facilityhigh
#P008microbiologicalhealthguidelineThermotolerant coliformswastewater, otherMAC= 200 CFU/100 mLMaximum limit for domestic reclaimed water used in toilet and urinal flushingApplies at point of discharge from treatment facilityhigh
#P009chemicaltreatmentguidelineTotal chlorine residualwastewater, otherrequirement>= 0.5 mg/LMedian limit for domestic reclaimed water used in toilet and urinal flushingMeasured at the point where the treated effluent enters the distribution/plumbing systemhigh
#P010microbiologicalhealthguidelineEscherichia coli (Median)wastewater, otherrequirementNot detected CFU/100 mLMedian limit for domestic reclaimed water used in toilet and urinal flushingMeasured at point of discharge from treatment facilityhigh
#P011microbiologicalhealthguidelineThermotolerant coliforms (Median)wastewater, otherrequirementNot detected CFU/100 mLMedian limit for domestic reclaimed water used in toilet and urinal flushingMeasured at point of discharge from treatment facilityhigh
#P012operationaloperationalrecommendedStart-up Monitoring Sample Countwastewater, otherrequirement>= 5 samplesDuring the first 30-day period of operation (start-up)Testing for all guideline water quality parameters listed in Table 1high
#P013operationaloperationalrecommendedOngoing Verification Sample Countwastewater, otherrequirement>= 2 samplesDuring semi-annual or annual monitoring for established systemsApplies when monitoring frequency is reduced for E. coli, thermotolerant coliforms, and BOD5high
#P014operationaloperationalrecommendedOngoing Monitoring Sampling Intervalwastewater, otherrequirement>= 1 hourTemporal spacing for the minimum of two samples taken during ongoing verificationApplies to semi-annual or annual monitoringhigh

D Definitions (7)

Req ID Category Name Context Confidence
#D001start-upthe first 30-day period of operationmedium
#D002Total chlorine residuala measure of all chemical species containing chlorine in an oxidized state. It is usually the sum of the free and combined chlorine concentrations present in water.high
#D003Primary disinfectionany chemical, physical or biological means that results in the destruction, inactivation or removal of microorganismshigh
#D004BOD5five-day biochemical oxygen demandhigh
#D005TSStotal suspended solidshigh
#D006NTUnephelometric turbidity unithigh
#D007CFUcolony-forming unithigh